单选题 Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents" and coaches" criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today"s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters" performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. (278 words)
单选题 An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】解析：本题属于细节题。文中第一段谈到，来自教练、父母、队友的批评及对成功的渴望使年轻运动员过分焦急，身心压力颇重。这些压力导致他们不愿参加原本喜爱的活动。因此，要想使他们不放弃，必须减少他们的压力，尤其是心理压力。故答案为A。
单选题 According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析：本题属于细节理解题。文中第二段第二句：“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place”表明体育运动的积极作用。接下来作者具体展开，谈到运动员在他们的运动中可以学到的东西。A、D两项文中并未直接涉及，B项与文章主旨不符，故C“体育运动给他们提供有意义的经历”为正确答案。
单选题 Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】解析：本题属于细节推断题。A、C、D三项虽然可以推测出来，但作者并未说明，故不能选为正确答案。文章第二段最后一句说：“Youngsters may take their parents’and coaches’criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves”，与选项B中所述相吻合，所以正确答案为B“没意识到批评会损害他们的自信心”。
单选题 According to the passage parents and coaches should______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】解析：本题属于主旨题。综观全文，文章旨在强调父母、教练不应对年轻运动员施加过多的压力，以免使他们失去了运动中的乐趣。B、C两项显然不正确。文章结尾处谈到父母、教练应对年轻运动员多予以肯定，少一些批评指责，而不应过多地注重结果。故A也不正确。只有D“更关注孩子是否享受运动”符合题意。
单选题 The author"s purpose in writing the passage is______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】解析：本题属于写作意图判断题。文章最后一段的“Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism”表明了作者的意图为选项C中所述内容。B、D文中均未涉及，A则是为了引出主旨，而非作者的主要写作目的。故C为正确答案。