单选题 A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the surprising discovery that a sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does．Appleyard observed this by finding three blocks of houses in San Francisco that 100ked much alike and had tlle same kind of middle-class and working-class residents, with approximately the same ethnic mix．The difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia Street(LIGHT street, in Appleyard's terminology)while Gough Street(MEDIUM street)was used by 8,000 cars a day, and Franldin Street(HEAVY street)had around 16,000 cars a day．FranHin Street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia Street had in a day．
Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash secondarily．That is, the cars didn't bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated, residents seldom picked it up．The car, Appleyard determined, reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for．Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes． Many FranHin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their houses．Most families with children had already left．
Conditions on Octavia Street were much different．Residents picked up trash． They sat on their front steps and chatted with neighbors．They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on Franklin．
On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased．People were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives．A number of families had recently moved．And more were considering it．Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community．

单选题 Appleyard's study focuses on the influence of______．

A、 traffic volume on the residents
B、 rate of crime on the neighborhood
C、 social classes on the transportation
D、 degree of pollution on the environment

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 主旨题。第一段第一句话“A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the surprising discovery that a sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does”点明主题，交通流量的增加影响人们的生活，下文通篇阐述交通问题给人们生活带来的影响，故选[A] 。

单选题 Appleyard discovered that increase in the volume of traffic______．

A、 made people more violent
B、 would lead to increase in crime
C、 was accompanied by increase in crime
D、 had the same effect on people as increase in crime

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。提问唐纳德·阿普里亚德从研究中得出的结论，答案就是其主题句，即第一段的第一句话“a sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does.”，也就是说，一个地区交通流量的突然增加与犯罪率突然增加一样会影响人们的生活，文章不是在阐述交通压力跟犯罪率的关系，故选[D] 。

单选题 The author's main purpose in the second paragraph is to______．

A、 discuss the problem of handling trash
B、 suggest ways to cope with traffic problems
C、 point out the disadvantage of hear traffic
D、 propose an alternative system of transportation

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 本题提问第二段的大意。第二段的主题句是第一句话“Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, ftlmes, and soot, directly,and trash secondarily.”，即严重的交通压力直接带来危险、噪音、有害气体和灰尘，并间接带来垃圾。因此，本段强调严重的交通压力所产生的不利因素，故选[C] 。

单选题 People on Gough Street______．

A、 felt sorry that their block had been pulled down
B、 felt indifferent about people moving out
C、 thought their old community was gone
D、 thought mostly of themselves

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。本题提问高尔夫街区居民对严重的交通压力的感受。最后一段的第一句活“On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased.”表明，在高尔夫街区，居民随着交通压力的增加，传统的社区感情正逐渐消失，[C] 表述的正是此含义，故选[C] 。

单选题 What can we learn about Franklin Street?

A、 It is not a nice neighborhood for children．
B、 People often throw trash out as they drive through．
C、 People there have made friends with people on Octavia．
D、 People there own twice as many as cars as people on Gough Street．

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 推理题。从第二段最后一句话“Most families with children had already left．”可知，大多数有孩子的家庭已经搬离福兰克林街区，由此可以推断，这里不适合孩子成长，故选[A] 。
语言点：
1．A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the surprising discovery that a sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does．一项由唐纳德·阿普里亚德进行的前沿研究，得出了惊人的发现：一个地区的交通流量突然增加与犯罪率突然增加一样会影响人们的生活。
1)in the way以…某种方式
2)句子分析：句子中两个“that”引导的从句部是同位语从句，同位语从句的句法功能是对修饰的名词给予进一步解释。
2．Appleyard observed this by finding three blocks of houses in San Francisco that looked much alike and had the same kind of middle-class and working-class residents，with approximately the same ethnic mix．唐纳德阿普里亚德通过对旧金山三个街区的调查得出了此结论，这三个街区很相似：居民由中产阶层和工人阶级组成，由相似的种族成分。
1)three blocks of houses三个街区
2)句子分析：that引导定语从句，修饰名词短晤“three blocks ofhouses”。
3．HeaW traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly,and trash secondarily．严重的交通压力直接带来危险、噪音、有害气体和灰尘，并间接带来垃圾。
理解该句子的重点是把握两个副词“directly”与“secondarily”。因为 “directly”可以理解为直接的，所以“secondarily”就能理解为间接的。
4．approximately ad．近似地
5．ethnic a．种族的
6．They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on Franklin．比起福兰克林街区的居民，他们有三倍多的朋友和两倍多相识的人。
倍数的比较：times+as+形容词的原级(+名词)+as