【正确答案】正确答案：Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive, produce and use words to understand and communicate. This capacity involves the picking up of diverse capacities including syntax, phonetics, and an extensive vocabulary. Language acquisition usually refers to first language acquisition, which studies infants" acquisition of their native language, rather than second language acquisition that deals with acquisition(in both children and adults)of additional languages.(3 points)Language learning focuses on developing the ability to communicate in a second language, with special emphasis on languages for which there are few or no written or recorded resources.(3 points) In language acquisition, the language is spoken in the immediate environment of the learner, who has good opportunities to use the language by participating in natural communication situations.(2 points)In language learning situation, the language is not spoken in the learners" immediate environment, although mass media may provide opportunities for practicing receptive skills. The learner has little or no opportunity to use the language in natural communication situations.(2 points) Acquisition and learning refer to the learning process inside the learner, the degree of consciousness with which he hears. Language acquisition is a subconscious process while learning is conscious. Children learn language using acquisition, while adults can use both acquisition and learning.(2 points) Language acquisition is the natural process of acquiring a language from early exposure(usually before age 5-7). Young children "just pick it up". Language learning requires considerably more effort after age 5-7. In the language learning process, the learners have to be confronted with the cultural shock and the negative transfer of their first language.(3 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查语言学习与语言习得的异同。语言习得是指儿童出生后不久便开始习得并逐渐掌握语言。习得是一种自然的无意识的过程。在语言习得的过程中，儿童通过大量接触语言，在交际中掌握语言，不注重语言形式而注重意义，语言规律的掌握是无意识的，习得过程是由不自觉到自觉的。与之相反，语言学习则是一个有意识的掌握语言规则的过程，指在学校环境中，有意识地掌握第二语言的过程和方式，它注重语言形式，过程由自觉到不自觉。在语言学习的过程中要面对第二语言学习中的文化障碍和文化冲突，要克服第一语言对第二语言学习的干扰。