单选题 {{B}}第二篇{{/B}}

{{B}}IQ-gene{{/B}}
In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London's Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a "smart gene" you should look in smart kids. They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early — and still score at Princeton—caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought. "We have," says Plomin, "the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence."
Plomin's colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each child's chromosome 6 of the 37
landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group — 32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science, concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence. Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomin's group fell for "chopsticks fallacy". Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility. But all they've really found is a gene more common m Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin's IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups mat emphasize academic achievement." What is the gene that they've found reflects ethnicity?" asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. "That alone might explain the link to intelligence, since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child's environment." And Neil Risch of Stand ford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome, as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids, that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and Intelligence. Warns Feinberg, "I would take these findings with a whole box of salt."

单选题 In the beginning of paragraph one we are told that scientists can not agree ______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 利用题干中的核心词scientist作为答案线索，同时注意到备选项中A和C提到了IQ， B和D提到了children，这样发现了答案相关句：In the angry debates(与题干中的“不能认同’呼应)over experiences,one little fact gets overlooked：no one has identified any genes(other than those that cause retardation)that affect intenigence．划线结构说“对有多少IQ来自遗传基因，有多少来自经验”有很多激烈的争论。因此判断C是正确答案。

单选题 What does "some" in the second sentence of paragraph one stands for?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 首先找到包含some的句子：So researchers led by Robot Plomin of London's Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some．“some”指代前面的复数名同，因此到前句中查找“some”的呼应内容： In the angry debates over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences，one little fact gets overlooked：no one has identified any genes (otherd) mthose that cause retardation)that affect intelligence．前句的最后部分的结构中提到“还没有人确认影响智力的基因 (复数名词)”，包含“some”的句子说“研究者决定找出一些”，根据前后句的句意判断“some”应该指代基因。

单选题 A gene for chopsticks flexibility is found to be ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 可以发现A和B、C和D正好是—‘正’反，问题句问及“使用筷子的适应性”，利用这个词作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：One is the possibility that Plomin's group fell for“chopsticks fallacy”．Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility，but all they've really found is a gene more common in Asians，than，say, Africans．前一个句子已经提到“筷子(的认识)谬误”。后面的一个句子说“遗传学家可能认为他们找到了与筷子适应性相关的基因，但实际上他们所发现的只是在亚洲人身上常见的墓因，这种基因在，比如非洲人中较少见”。因此判断A是正确答案。

单选题 Plomin's IQ-gene study is similar to the chopsticks gene finding in that ______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 利用题干中的特征结构Plomin's IQ-gene和chopsticks gene作为答案线索，注意到备选项中A和B是正反项，C和D足正反项，而且备选项主要分别涉及gene和intelligence之间的关系，flexibility和children's academic score之间的关系，因此考虑用这些词共同作为答案线索词，这样找到答案相关句： Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study．One is the possibility that Plomin's group fell for“chopsticks fallacy”（这两个划线句说“一些基因学家发现智向基因研究有很大的问题。一种可能性是 Plomin研究小组犯了‘筷子谬误’。”这两个句子的内容揭示“IQ-gene研究”和chopsticks gene研究结果都存在问题。但是只借助这两个句子的内容还不能肯定地选择出答案来，所以还需要看下文，这样看起来可能涉及问题的相关句似乎有很多(包括黑体词的句子)，所以“避重就轻”尝试找出这个段落中的主题句(观点句) Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility, but all they've really found is a gene more common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin's IQ gene might simolty be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement....And Neil Risch of Stanford University points out that if you look for smarter kids, that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence. Warns Feinberg, "I would take these findings with a whole box of salt." 结果在文章最后部分看到专家Neff Risch指出“……那也许纯属于偶然，而不反映基因与智力之间的因果关系”，而后紧接着在段落的最后一句中专家Feinbe警告说“我对实验的结果持很大的怀疑态度”，综合上面的内容不难推测出这样的结论——lomin's IQ-gene和chopsticks gene之所以错误，可能就是错在认为“基因与智力之间有因果关系”，这是它们错的地方，也是它们的共同之处，因此A是正碗答案。