阅读理解 It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. "Upbringing" is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in schoo1, which is usually distinguished by the term "education". In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent. The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture. In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood and adolescence(青春期) tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety'' in character development. Early upbringing in tile home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents'' capabilities and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child. Wide differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family. Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is unique, and there can be no rigid(严格的) general rules. They use general information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems. All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child'' s continuing development may be warped. A child must be allowed to enjoy this "messy" but tactile stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books. Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before.
单选题 It''s a general belief that a child''s later character and personality is ______decided by'' his early experiences both at home and in school.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题译文:人们普遍认为,儿童后天的性格和个性主要由他家庭和学校的早期经历决定的。本题要求根据文章的内容填词。这一类题目主要考点是用一个意思相近的词代替原文中的词,考察读者是否读懂了原文,文中第一句话与题干极其相似,其中的largely一词被挑出,要求用选项中的某一项代替。largely的意思为“主要地,大量地”,A中chiefly (主要地)与 largely 意思一致,因此是正确的。B项的意思是“偶然的”,显然与原文意思不符,故不正确。C项的意思是“完全地”,有些过于绝对,不太准确,D项的意思是“很少”,与原文不符,故不正确。
单选题 The word "cumulative" in Line 3 most probably means______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】本题译文:第三行的"cumulative"这个词的意思很可能是"progressively greater"。本题考查考生根据文章上下文猜测词义的能力,这一题的考点仍是用意思相近的问来解释原文中的词,对于一个不熟悉的词可以根据上下文的意思猜一猜,文中相应的那句话提到孩子们的每一次经历都会教给孩子们一些东西。这就意味着经历对孩子们的影响有一个循序渐进和积累的过程,因此我们可推断cumulative可能有“逐渐的,积累”这种意思。 A的意思是“决定性的”,不能突出逐渐积累的意思,因此不准确。B项的意思是“绝对有益”,原文巾并未对经历对孩子的影响作出肯定或否定的评价,且B项也同样未突出逐渐的意思,因此B也不准确。C项的意思是强的,原文中提到孩子每一次经历都会教给他一些东西,这并不意味着每一次的影响都很强,若…次影响足够强,也无需积累了,因此C项也不准确,D项的意思是“逐渐增加的”,这正好体现了逐渐积累的意思,因此应选D项。
单选题 It can be seen from the passage that______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】本题译文:从本文可以推断,养育和教育是互补的。本题考查考生的推理能力。这一类题无法从题于中得出一个明确的答案,要从各选项着手,判断应选哪一项。通常涵盖原文,需要在浏览全文的基础上,仔细地有针对性地精读,并做出判断。A项认为文化模式是影响孩子在家庭中成长的唯一因素。而文中第三段段首就指出孩子的成长受文化模式和父母的能力及他们的目标的影响。因此A项不准确。B项认为社会的技术发展不能帮助孩子们发展性格,而文中第二段提到在技术发达的社会,童年时代和青春期更长,这导致有更多的教育机会并能更加多样化地发展性格。显然B项与原文不符。C项认为对于父母抚养孩子方面有建议性的规则。而文中第五段明确指出在这方面并没有固定的规则。因此C项不正确。D项认为成长和教育是互补的,这与文中第一段末尾所述“成长和教育是相互依赖的”意思相近,因此D项是对的。
单选题 A child''s development might well be adversely affected if______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题译文:如果孩子必须服从非常严格的纪律时,他的发展可能会被扭曲。本题考查考生的综合推理能力。这一题也要求对选项和原文作对比,才能判断正确,在什么情况下会对孩子的成长起相反的影响? A项认为在他必须服从非常严格的纪律时。文中第五段提到所有的父母都得解决自由和纪律之间的问题,孩子越小,母亲越是要随时准备满足他的要求,以免使他失望,因为她知道如果孩子的精力不得以释放,他以后的发展可能会被扭曲,由此可以看出A项是正确的。B项认为当母亲经常满足孩子的要求时,由原文的意思,我们可以看出只有当母亲不满足孩子的要求时才有可能扭曲孩子将来的发展,因此B项是不止确的。C项认为当他的精力自由地得以释放时,原文提到如果孩子的精力不得以释放,他将来的发展可能被扭曲,这显然与C项相反,所以C项是不正确的。D项认为是当他在一个快乐的环境下被抚养大的情况下,这与原文所指的要求不能得以满足,精力不能释放,须服从纪律的意思不符,而且以一般常识,我们也可判断在快乐的环境下成长不会对孩子的成长起负面影响,所以D项不正确:
单选题 As it is presented in the passage, rather than a smooth progression the development of the human character and personality is a series of______
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】本题译文:如本文所述,人的性格和个性的发展是一系列的阶段而不是一蹴而就的。本题要求对文章进行细致的推敲和分析。这一类题一般无法从原文中找到直接的答案,读者需要根据文章内容来进行推断。细心的读者会在本文末不止次地看到stage一词,最后一段写道:一个孩子必须在允许享受杂乱却可触摸的发觉阶段的乐趣后才能体会到玩具和书本的那种看不见摸不着的乐趣。同样,在整个人生,每个阶段都依靠于前一个阶段的令人满意的完成。理解了这一段的意思,我们可体会到入的性格的发展正是从一个阶段向另一阶段完善的过程,由此,这一题的答案就不难得出了。A项认为是一系列的行动,显然不对,B项认为是一系列的阶段,与原文相符,C项认为是一系列的职能,这也与原文不符,D项认为是一系列的完成,与原文不符,因此这一题应选B项。