单选题 .  In Africa we experience enormous problems of underdevelopment, illiteracy, massive internal and external debts, population explosion, high mortality rates(死亡率), etc. All these and similar problems have been known for a long time and need no restatement. What needs to be stated is that while the larger society to which one belongs is suffering from these mentioned problems, there is no way enjoyment of individual freedom and human rights will lead to self-fulfillment, to full self-realization, to a life of dignity(尊严) and self-respect, in short, to economic development. It will be no value to anyone in a society to get a Ph. D. in heart surgery when neighbors cannot control diarrhea(腹泻). There will be no point in individual families practicing family planning when the larger society is untouched by similar concerns. There will be no way a libertarian will realize his cherished values in a deprived society. Similarly, there will be no way nationalist tendencies can succeed when individual men and women are weakened. Development in Africa will have to be based on a collective(集体的) effort. David Kaulem has gotten the point, "The only thing that can further true development in Africa is unity, true common spirit; Africa will not be able to base their struggle on individual effort."1.  This passage may most probably be taken from ______.