阅读理解 You've heard it 100 times already, and it's a message that we at Science Careers work hard to convey: Careful planning is essential for a successful career in science. Becoming a scientist requires years of training and a long series of good decisions. Choosing a Ph.D. supervisor who will support you, picking a good lab for your postdoc, deciding which research projects to pursue, deciding whether to stay in your current position and finish some important work or to move on to another exciting opportunity—such decisions should not be made without careful deliberation.
Yet sometimes even the most motivated of scientists in training are led astray by some other passion. And the result, sometimes, can be wonderful. Accidents, spontaneous acts of passion, decisions taken casually—all can lead to totally new and unexpected careers, full of new and unexpected challenges, offering great professional and personal satisfaction.
As Science Careers contributing editor Elisabeth Pain reports, Angelo Vermeulen is one of those children who was born to become a researcher. "I was like the science kid of the class. I had my own lab, with a microscope and chemicals and binoculars, and I made these walks in nature, collecting samples," he says in "The Itinerant Artist". But he also had a talent for the visual and conceptual arts, and as he did his Ph.D. in biology at the University of Leuven, he also learned photography. Years later, Vermeulen has reconciled his dual interests, producing art that often incorporates science.
Jorge Cham was enrolled in the master's program in mechanical engineering at Stanford University when the student newspaper, The Stanford Daily, put out a call seeking ideas for a new comic strip, Science intern Sara Coehlo writes in "Piled Higher and Deeper: The Everyday Life of a Grad Student." After discussing some ideas with friends over dinner, Cham, who used to doodle as a child but had never tried cartooning, proposed a comic strip about a group of overworked, underpaid, procrastinating graduate students and their terrifying advisers. Piled Higher and Deeper, or PHD, has gone on to become a cult cartoon and Cham a professional cartoonist.
Sometimes a late-blooming passion can lead to a full-time career. Jeff Mangahas, who studied plant and molecular biology at the University of Washington and became a technician in a cancer lab, found his interest in wine increasing. Soon, "the romantic side of wine took hold of me," Mangahas says. A transcendent wine-drinking experience drew him into the winemaking field.
单选题 21.The first paragraph mainly means to______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】属段落大意题。本段第一句就指出了本段的核心观点,并在接下来的内容中举例进行说明,由此可知选项C符合题意,故正确。选项A属于无中生有,文中并未给出该如何做选择,故错误。选项B同样是无中生有,原文只是用夸张(100次)的手法来说明这个观点的普遍性,而不是一个事实,更不是对此的解释,故错误。选项D属于以偏概全,事实确实如此,但不是段落的主要内容,只是一个例子,故错误。
单选题 22.We can infer from Paragraph 3 and 4 that______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】属信息推断题。选项A犯了偷梁换柱的错误,这本杂志的特约编辑介绍了一个人,这个人才是天生的研究者,而非这名编辑,故错误。选项B属于曲解文意,文章提到了Vermeulen很早就有了艺术天赋,故错误。选项D犯了无中生有的错误,作者并未评价这部漫画是否值得看,故错误。选项C符合原文,Cham的经历就是一次机缘巧合,故正确。
单选题 23.The underlined word in Paragraph 3 refers to______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】属词义推断题。想要理解考查词的含义就需要仔细阅读上下文。考查词所在句的后半句正是对前半句的解释说明,意思是进行与科学相关的艺术创作,因此可知Vermeulen是将艺术和科学融合到了一起,使两者和谐共存,故选项D正确。选项A(从二者中选择),选项B(放弃),选项C(在二者间更倾向于)显然都不符合原文意思,故均错误。
单选题 24.By mentioning the case of Jeff Mangahas, the author intends to______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】属逻辑关系题。仔细阅读题目所在段可知只有第一句是观点性的表达,其他都是对这个例子内容的陈述,因此可知作者就是为了说明第一句的观点,故选项B符合题意。选项A和C属于无中生有,作者根本未表达出这层含义,故错误。选项D属于答非所问,并非作者意图,故错误。
单选题 25.Which of the following is true according to the text?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】属事实细节题。选项B犯了以偏概全的错误,Jorge的例子不能证明所有的动力工程师都具有画漫画的天赋,故错误。选项D犯了移花接木的错误,是将不同部分的内容拼凑而成,故错误。文章并未强调一定要遵照计划,反而提到一些转变可能会带来意想不到的成功,故选项A正确,而选项C曲解了作者本意。