单选题
Humans like to regard themselves as exceptional. Many philosophers believe humans are the only
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which understands that others have their own personal thoughts. That understanding is known in the
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as having a "theory of mind," and it is considered the
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to such cherished human
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as sympathy and deception.
Biologists have learned to treat such
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with caution. Bernd Heinrich and Thomas Bugnyar describe an experiment they have carried out
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ravens.
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to gaze is reckoned to be a good
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of the development of theory of mind in human children.
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about 18 months, most children are able to follow the gaze of another person, and
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things about the gazer from it. Failure to
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this trick is an early symptom of autism, a syndrome whose main underlying feature is a(n)
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to understand that other people have
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, too.
To
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whether ravens could follow gaze, Dr Heinrich used six six-month-old hand-reared ravens. The birds were set, one at a time, on a perch on one side of a room divided by a barrier. An experimenter in front of the barrier
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his head and eyes in a particular
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and gazed for 30 seconds before looking
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. Dr Heinrich found that all the birds were able to follow the gaze of the experimenters, even
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the barrier. In the
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case, the curious birds either jumped down from the perch and walked around the barrier to have a
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or leapt on top of it and peered over.
【答案解析】[解析] 该题考查动词词义辨析。imagine想象;infer推断;locate定位;confer商谈;给与。根据空格所在的句子前半部分“追踪他人的目光”,以及后半部分“关于他人的一些信息”可知,此处表达的意思是儿童能够从他人的凝视中获得信息。infer sth. from sth.意为“从…中推断出…”,故选B。
【答案解析】[解析] 该题考查名词词义辨析。resent怨恨;tendency倾向;attempt尝试;inability无能力。根据前文“自闭症的基本特征”以及后文“对于其他人…的理解”可以推断,此处表达的意思与自闭症的症状有关,inability to understand...表示理解能力的缺失,符合文意,故选D。
【答案解析】[解析] 该题考查介词用法。into表示向内;within表示内部;beyond表示越过;另一边;from表示从…。根据前文“实验者发现全部渡鸦都能追随实验者的目光,甚至能够…”以及后文的“障碍物”可知,此处表达的意思是渡鸦甚至能够越过障碍物而追踪实验者的目光。beyond the barrier表示越过障碍物,符合文意,故选C。
【答案解析】[解析] 该题考查名词词义辨析。look看;rest休息;try尝试;taste品尝。根据前文“所有的渡鸦都能够追随实验者的目光,有些好奇的渡鸦甚至能越过障碍物”以及后文“跳上障碍物,并从上面俯视”可知,渡鸦跳下木杆或走到障碍物周围是为了看到实验者的目光所指向的方向,have a look意为“看一眼”,故选A。