Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, be ensured to explain how they Challenge the specific theories presented in the reading passage.
The fossil record shows that members of the group of dinosaurs known as lambeosaurs had large bony crests on top of their heads. The shape of the crests varied from species to species, but all lambeosaurs crests contained extended hollow passages. No one really knows exactly what function the crests served, but scientists have offered several theories.Sense of smell One theory holds that the primary purpose of the crests was to improve the dinosaurs’ sense of smell. Examination of the fossils has suggested that the crests contained many blood vessels. The nose bones of modern animals with a highly developed sense of smell have a similar inner structure characterized by a high density of blood vessels. Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that the crests were primarily used to enhance the sense of smell.CoolingA second theory maintains that the crests served to prevent overheating by lowering lambeosaurs’ body temperature. The addition of a crests had the effect of increasing the surface area of the lambeosaur’s body, thereby allowing body heat to escape more rapidly. Other warm0climate dinosaurs, stegosaurs for example, also had bony crestlike plates on parts of their body that increased the body surface area. It has long been believed that the bone plates of stegosaurs were adaptations to improve cooling, so it seems like that the crests of lambeosaurs served the same purpose.SoundA third possibility is that lambeosaurs used the crests to make sounds, perhaps for communication with other lambeosaurs. It was definitely possible to make low sounds by forcing air through the crests. This theory is supported by a finding suggesting that lambeosaurs had a good sense of hearing. Paleontologists recently discovered remains of a lambeosaurs that had a highly developed inner ear. A good sense of hearing world be necessary for animals communicating by sound.
范文：
Lambeosaurs, a group of dinosaurs with large bony crests on their heads, each with hollow passages. The passage highlights that the purpose of these crests remains uncertain, with scientists proposing various theories to explain their function. However, the professor contradicts the passage by expressing skepticism about the theories proposed in the passage regarding the functions of the crests.Firstly, The passage suggests that the crests in lambeosaurs were primarily for enhancing their sense of smell, based on the presence of blood vessels in the crests. However, the professor contradicts this theory by pointing out that the underdeveloped brain area adjacent to the crests, as evidenced by fossils, does not align with the idea of an improved sense of smell.The professor suggests that the crests were not related to improving their sense of smell, as animals with a strong sense of smell typically have well-developed brain areas for processing olfactory information.Secondly, The professor contradicts the passage's theory that the crests in lambeosaurs served to prevent overheating by enhancing cooling mechanisms. While the passage draws a parallel between the crests oflambeosaurs and the bony plates of stegosaurs as adaptations for cooling, the professor disputes this idea. The professor asserts that there are significant differences between the two groups. Stegosaurs had numerous bony plates covering a substantial portion of their backs. In contrast, lambeosaurs had only one crest, and the additional surface area it provided was so minimal that it would not have offered a genuine advantage in terms of cooling.The passage suggests that lambeosaurs may have used their crests for sound communication. However, the professor contradicts this theory by stressing that all lambeosaur species had crests, implying they should all possess good hearing if sound communication were accurate. The professor highlights the absence of evidence for good hearing in most lambeosaur species, except for one, suggesting that skepticism should be maintained regarding the theory of crests for sound communication unless further evidence emerges.
听力原文：
Now, listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
I think that it's still not clear what the real function of the lamb be a sore crest was. There are serious problems with each of the theories you just read about. First, the idea that the crests improve the land be a source sense of smell is not supported by the structure of lambda sore brains and animals with a strong sense of smell. The brain area next to the organ of smell tends to be well developed. That's because the brain area contains a lot of nerves that process the Information from the organ of smell. However, from fossils of lambda sore skulls, it seems the brain cavity next to the crest was small and underdeveloped. So it hardly seems likely that the crest was used to improve the sense of smell.
Second, the idea that the crests were used to control body temperature, there are important differences between lambo sores and stegosaurus stegosaurus had many bony plates along their backs. The many bony plates of stegosaurus when added altogether, amounted to a fairly large amount of body surface area. By contrast, lamb be soars had just one crest. The additional surface area that the crest provided was so small that it would not have provided any real advantage and cooling.
What about the third idea that the crests were used to communicate by sound? All ambiguous species had crests. So if this theory is true, then all the lamb be sore species should have had a good sense of hearing as well. But that's the problem. So far, we've discovered just the one fossil suggesting that one lamb be sore species had a good sense of hearing. We do not have any evidence of good hearing in any of the other lamb be sore species. So unless evidence from other lamb bias or species can be found, we should remain skeptical of this theory.