问答题
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}
Read the following text carefully and
then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be
written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Being a good parent is harder now that it has ever been
before. In pressurized modern lives, demands to be a fulfilled individual, and a
good partner and a good worker, take no account of being a good parent.
(46){{U}}We haven't left space for the nurturing parents to care for their
children and provide the kind of care that their children need, resulting in the
fact that many families in the western world just don't work.{{/U}}
Most of us have a bit of yearning for a table full of children descending
neatly in size, the older ones helping the younger ones. Let's control our
nostalgia: that" traditional family" had many faults, not least in the roles it
imposed on females. (47) {{U}}The problem is that in the last generation or so
we've come to assume that women should be able and want to do everything that
both men and women have done by tradition.{{/U}} And it's just not possible.
Indeed since adopting a male agenda in life is probably only another form of the
traditional ethics that men are superior to women, quite a number of highly
educated and economically privileged women are now opting to take career breaks
so as to be at home with their children for longer than the 18 weeks.
Having children -- especially the first child -- puts a bigger strain on a
couple's relationship than anything else they ever do. (48) {{U}}Facing the
ever-enormous stress caused by the kids, some who stay together emerge stronger
and richer, but numerous couples never recover from the strain.{{/U}} Parents are
often divided at many aspects of child nurturing, such as early education and
habit forming. (49) {{U}}So a future of smaller families and more people choosing
not to have children at all could well leave couples closer than they are today;
for many, the purpose of being together would be solely to pleasure and support
each other --an interesting prospect.{{/U}} Let's hope people in the future will
only have children if they really want them. And that should mean something that
is seen as a much more positive commitment than it is now, and that parents are
socially supported, and admired for doing a good job.
(50)
{{U}}The whole point of marriage is that it imposes clear obligations, not just
the right to pursue your own happiness, the main part of which is to provide
both emotional and practical nurture for children.{{/U}} Children demand sacrifice
and altruism, a long-term investment of parental time and money. Of course, the
highest reward that parents expect is to see their children develop and become
useful talents for the society.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】父母根本无暇顾及小孩,不能给予孩子所需的照料;因此,西方国家的很多家庭根本就不像家庭。
[要点分析] 此题目结构比较复杂,不仅主句较长,而且还有一个结构较复杂的结果状语从句。首先看第一句话中we,space,the nurturing parents的翻译。从上下文看,代词we在这里并不实指“我们”,而名词 space也不实指“空间”,不能直译为“我们没有给父母空间去……”。从语义看,we和space都是虚指, we指代整个社会环境,space指代时间或精力,即在现代生活压力增大(中社会环境中),父母没有时间或精力照顾小孩。另外,nurturing parents不能照字面直译为“抚养孩子的父母”,译为“父母”即可。因此,第一句话可以省去多余的信息,直接义译为“父母根本无暇顾及小孩……”。结果状语从句resulting in the fact that...中动词短语don't work也不能直译为“不起作用/不工作”。这个动词短语的意思是“许多家庭根本不正常运转”,我们依照其语义,译为“许多家庭根本就不像家庭”。考查点:根据上下文理解代词和名词所指;代词和名词的虚指的判断和翻译;英语句子中多余信息的处理方法。
【正确答案】
【答案解析】面对孩子带来的前所未有的巨大压力,有些夫妻同舟共济,之后,他们的感情更牢靠,更深厚。但是,不计其数的夫妻的关系却难以弥合。
[要点分析] 此题目的难点在于两个形容词stronger和richer的理解和翻译。由于这两个形容词是比较级形式,因此,我们必需明白比较对象是什么。这个句子的前一句意思是:生小孩,尤其是第一个小孩会给夫妻关系带来压力。因此,这两个形容词的比较对象是夫妻关系,它们是修饰夫妻关系的。因此,我们根据名词“关系”的搭配方式,将stronger和richer分别根据其引申义翻译为“更牢靠”和“更深厚”。同理,在后半句的翻译中,我们需要加上“关系”一词,以和动词recover搭配,译为“夫妻关系难以弥合”。考查点:在上下文中理解句子;根据上下文补充必要的信息;词的引申义的翻译。
【正确答案】
【答案解析】因此,未来家庭的规模会更小,而且会有更多的夫妻选择根本不生孩子,这样,夫妻关系会比如今的夫妻更亲密;对很多夫妻来说,他们结合的目的只是相互愉悦和相互扶持,这将是一个有意思的前景。
[要点分析] 此题目的难点在于长主语的理解和翻译。本句的主语很长,一共有两个部分:第1部分是名词短语a future of smaller families;第2部分是动名词词组more people choosing not to have children at all。由于主语太长,因此,我们将这个句子拆开,将主语翻译为一个句子,然后再翻译句子其它部分。另外,代词they的所指要注意理解。这里they并不是回指前面的名词people和couples,而是指代如今的夫妻,因此,需要翻译为“如今的夫妻”,以避免逻辑错误。查考点:英语句子较长成分的拆分和翻译;英译汉过程中必要信息的补充。
【正确答案】
【答案解析】婚姻的关键在于约束夫妻必须承担明确无误的责任,而不只是享有追求自身幸福的权利;婚姻的主要责任就是给予孩子感情上的关爱和物质上的养育。
[要点分析] 本题目的难点是非限定性定语从句的翻译。从句法结构上分析,可以看出非限定性定语从句的先行词是obligations。因此,在把定语从句拆开,翻译为独立句子时,应该重复“婚姻的责任”,以和前面的句子相照应。另外,物主代词your在句子中是虚指所有夫妻,不能翻译为“你(自身的幸福)”。最后,由于形容词emotional“感情上的”不宜和后面的名词nurture“养育/抚养”搭配,因此,在翻译中加上了名词“关爱”以和形容词“感情上的”相搭配,使句子更符合汉语表达法。查考点:非限定性定语从句的拆分和翻译。