单选题   On a clear, cold day in early March 2019, Justin Jordan, a fifth-generation grower in Lacona, Iowa, reads attentively old maps spread across his dining-room table. One creased, yellowing chart shows a soil-conservation plan his grandfather created with the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) in the 1950s, including terraces for controlling erosion and areas designated for tree planting. The agency was working to reverse critical topsoil loss from decades of mass-scale plowing.
    His grandfather implemented part of the scheme. But new synthetic fertilizers, which could boost yields by 50 percent, made the situation less terrible, so he continued cultivating their corn and soybean fields each year. As did Jordan's dad, and most other farmers. Over the past 150 years, cultivation has chewed up about half of Earth's topsoil.
    Jordan, an polite, soft-spoken man in his late 30s, stopped plowing and began planting cover crops when he took over in the early 2000s. 'I was eager to do things in a different way,' he says. 'It just seemed like every year the topsoil was getting thinner.' Jordan tends 410 acres—larger than most farms selling vegetables at Saturday markets, but tiny compared with 10,000-acre corporate operations.
    Aerial photos show the contrast between his land and that of other farmers, most of whom continue deep cultivation. His soil is dark and rich, but from the air, his fields appear lighter, covered in accumulated mulch (胡根物). Strips of hay grass (for his cattle) and native prairie species cover across the slopes—year-round plants that pump carbon into the soil. Neighboring barren fields steadily release it.
    Once Jordan brings in his corn in October, he sows a cover of rye (黑麦) among the drying stalks that stays green through the following spring, when he cuts it down and seeds next year's crop in the mulch. He sprinkles his soybean fields before the September harvest with a cocktail of rye, radishes, and oats, creating a mini forest beneath the knee-high cash crop. With all these changes, his yields have remained roughly the same as his neighbors'.
    Soon, folks like Jordan might gain a financial edge. The Terraton Initiative, the nation's first carbon market dedicated to agriculture, launched in June 2019 out of the farm-tech startup Indigo Ag. Companies that want to offset their emissions purchase credits; Terraton then pays growers $15 per ton for the carbon their land captures. Within six months, farmers tending a total of 10 million acres worldwide expressed interest in signing up.
    More cash would be nice, but climate change is the motivating factor for Jordan—out of global concern, and to keep his harvest from washing away.
单选题     What do we know about the old chart? ______
 
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词the old chart,可以把答题线索定位到文章首段。第一段提到,贾斯汀·乔丹专注地翻看餐桌上摊开的旧地图,其中一张泛黄、褶皱的图表显示的是他的祖父在20世纪50年代与美国农业部共同制定的土壤保护计划,包括控制水土流失的梯田和指定的植树区域。由此可知,这张图是他的祖父与美国农业部一起绘制的,故本题应选D。 [参考译文] 2019年3月初一个晴朗、寒冷的日子,爱荷华州拉科纳的第五代种植者贾斯汀·乔丹专注地翻看他的餐桌上摊开的旧地图。其中一张泛黄、褶皱的图表显示的是他的祖父在20世纪50年代与美国农业部共同制定的土壤保护计划,包括控制水土流失的梯田和指定的植树区域。该部门正在努力扭转几十年来大规模耕作造成的严重的表土流失。 他的祖父实施了部分计划。但是新的合成肥料可以使产量提高50%,这使情况变得没那么糟糕,所以他每年继续种植玉米和大豆。乔丹的父亲和大多数其他农场主也是如此。在过去的150年里,耕种已经消耗了大约一半的地球表层土壤。 乔丹是一个有礼貌、说话温和的人,年近40,他在21世纪初接管农场之后就停止了耕作,开始种植覆盖作物。“我渴望以一种不同的方式做事,”他说。“好像每年表土都在变薄。”乔丹打理着410英亩土地——比大多数在周六市场上卖菜的农场都要大,但与1万英亩的公司营业面积相比,就显得微不足道了。 航拍照片显示了他的土地和其他农场主的土地的对比,其他农场主中的大多数人继续深耕。他的田地土壤黝黑且肥沃,但从空中看,他的田地似乎更明亮,覆盖着厚厚的护根物。山坡上覆盖着一片片的干草(为他的牛准备的)和原生草原物种——它们全年都在向土壤中输入碳。而邻近的贫瘠土地不断地释放碳。 十月份,一旦乔丹把他的玉米收上来,他就在干燥的玉米秆之间播下一层黑麦种,黑麦在第二年春天都会是绿油油的。到那时,他把玉米秆砍掉,在护根上播下明年的种子。在9月秋收之前,他在大豆田里撒上黑麦、萝卜和燕麦种子,在高及膝盖的经济作物下形成一片迷你森林。尽管发生了这些变化,他的产量仍然和他邻居的产量差不多。 很快,像乔丹这样的人可能会获得经济优势。“Terraton倡议”是美国首个致力于农业的碳市场,于2019年6月由农业科技初创公司Indigo Ag推出,该公司希望抵消其碳排放购买额度;然后Terraton向种植者支付每吨15美元的土地“碳捕获”费。不到六个月,全球管理着共1000万英亩土地的农场主表示有兴趣报名。 能挣更多的钱固然是好事,但气候变化是激励乔丹的因素——出于对全球气候的担忧,以及确保他的收成不会被水冲走。
单选题     What does the author say about Jordan? ______
 
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词以及选项中的关键词,可以把答题线索定位到第三至四段。由第四段的内容可知,航拍照片显示了他的土地和其他农场主的土地不一样,其他农场主中的大多数人继续深耕,他的田地土壤黝黑且肥沃,但从空中看,他的田地似乎更明亮,覆盖着厚厚的护根物。山坡上覆盖着一片片的干草(为他的牛准备的)和原生草原物种,由此可知,乔丹没有和其他农场主一样继续深耕,并且他将土壤覆盖了干草,因此本题可以排除A,而选择B。由第三段开头可知,乔丹是一个有礼貌、说话温和的人,年近40,他在21世纪初接管农场之后就停止了耕作,开始种植覆盖作物,故排除C和D。
单选题     What is the fundamental change about farming between Jordan and his eider generations? ______
 
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词the fundamental change about farming,可以把答题线索定位到第二至三段。第三段提到,他(乔丹)在21世纪初接管农场之后就停止了耕作,开始种植覆盖作物。接下来作者引述了他的话:“我渴望以一种不同的方式做事……”,而第一段提到,乔丹的祖父曾经和美国农业部一起制定了一份土壤保护计划,以确保表土不流失,接着第二段指出,他的祖父实施了部分计划,但是新的合成肥料可以使产量提高50%,这使情况变得没那么糟糕,所以他(乔丹的祖父)继续每年种植玉米和大豆,乔丹的父亲和大多数其他农场主也是如此。由此可知,乔丹放弃了祖辈的耕作方式,开始种植覆盖作物,故本题应选C。
单选题     What is true about the Terraton Initiative? ______
 
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词the Terraton Initiative,可以把答题线索定位到第六段。第六段提到,“Terraton倡议”是美国首个致力于农业的碳市场,于2019年6月由农业科技初创公司Indigo Ag推出,该公司希望抵消其碳排放购买额度;然后Terraton向种植者支付每吨15美元的土地“碳捕获”费。由此可知,“Terraton倡议”采用经济激励机制来鼓励农场主,故本题应选C。
单选题     What have driven Jordan to start his new farming practice? ______
 
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干中的信息词have driven Jordan,可以把答题线索定位到最后一段。最后一段提及,能挣更多的钱固然是好事,但气候变化是激励乔丹的因素——出于对全球气候的担忧,以及确保他的收成不会被水冲走。由此可知,推动乔丹采用新的种植方式的因素是对全球气候变化的担忧和担心自己没有收成,故本题应选B。