单选题 Recent legal research indicated that incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages of justices. It also suggests that identification of people by witnesses in courtroom is not as 21 as commonly believed. Recent studies do not support the degree of judges, jurors, lawyers and the police have in eyewitness evidence.
The Law Commission recently published an educational paper, "Total Recall? The Reliability of Witness 22 ", as a companion guide to a proposed code of evidence. The paper finds that commonly held perceptions about how our minds work and how well we remember are often wrong. But while human memory is 23 change, it should not be underestimated.
In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events, and judges and juries assess its Fallibility. The paper points out that memory is complex, and reliability of any person's recall must be assessed 24 .
Both common sense and research say memory declines over time. The accuracy of recall and recognition are 25 their best immediately after encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere 26 the original memory, which reduces accuracy.
The paper says 27 interviews or media reports can create such distortions. "People are particularly susceptible to having their memories 28 when the passage of time allows the original memory to fade, and will be most susceptible if they repeat the 29 as fact."
Witnesses may see or read information after the event, then integrate it to produce something 30 than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of their memory of an event or offender, "Further, witnesses may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects of those memories are verifiably false./

单选题 A. trustful B. reliable C. innocent D. considerable

单选题 A. Manifestation B. Declaration C. Presentation D. Testimony

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 空格所在句子大意为：法律委员会最近发布了一份教育性质的文件，题目是《全体动员?证人的可靠度》，作为证据法典草案的指导性大纲。在给出的选项中： manifestation“表示”；declaration“宣言”；presentation“陈述”；testimony“证据”，该词属于法律专业术语，意为“证据”，且符合上下文义。所以，正确答案是D。

单选题 A. subject to B. liable for C. incapable of D. attributable to

单选题 A. interactively B. comparatively C. horizontally D. individually

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 空格所在句子大意为：该文件指出，记忆是复杂的，一个人的回忆的可靠度一定要具体问题具体分析。在给出的选项中：interactively“互动地”；comparatively“比较地”； hoifizontally“水平地”；individually“个别地、单独地”。所以，正确答案是D。

单选题 A. at B. in C. on D. upon

单选题 A. with B. in C. at D. on

单选题 A. consequent B. successive C. subsequent D. preceding

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 空格所在句子大意为：该文件指出，后来的采访和媒体报道也可能造成歪曲。本题考查近义词辨析。在给出的选项中：consequent“引起的、存在因果关系的”；successive“连续的、接替的”；subsequent“时间在后的”；preceding“时间在前的”。所以，正确答案是C。

单选题 A. altered B. transformed C. converted D. modified

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 空格所在句子大意为：随着时间的消逝记忆的衰退，人们的记忆有可能发生转变。本题考查近义词辨析。在给出的选项中：alter“改变”，常指本质的改变；transform“改变”，常指形式、外观的改变；convert“转变”，常指思想、信念转变；modify“改进”，常指修饰，使更加完美。根据文义，convert为最佳答案。所以，正确答案是C。

单选题 A. misinformation B. mistreatment C. misguidance D. misjudgment

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 空格所在句子大意为：如果人们将目击事件之后获得的误导性信息当做事实反复回忆，人们的最初记忆就更容易发生转变。在给出的选项中：misinformation“错误消息”； mistreatment“虐待”；misguidance“错误的指示”；misjudgment“错误的判断”。所以，正确答案是A。

单选题 A. other B. rather C. more D. less

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 空格所在句子大意为：证人可能在目击事件以后看到或读到某些信息，并据而形成某种不同于所经历的事实情况的思想或印象，大大减小了记忆的可靠度。本题考查常用搭配的辨析。在给出的选项中：other than“除……之外”；rather than“而非”；more than“多于”；less than“少于”。所以，正确答案是B。