翻译题
When engineers talk about "asset integrity", what they usually refer to is the good practice of servicing and repairing equipment before it breaks. Companies that use a lot of machinery take this very seriously; companies that mostly just use people rarely do. Although to my knowledge no other nation than Japan has a word for death by overwork, we probably need one. 【F1】For while it is tempting to imagine the phenomenon is unique to Japan, it may simply be that it is the first country to look deeply enough to identify it. Most of the chief executives I know—predominantly in the US and UK—routinely work a 12 or 15-hour day, six or seven days a week. Few of them are familiar with studies that routinely show that productivity is not linear. After about 40 hours a week fatigue sets in, provoking mistakes. Any extra hours spent are needed to clear up the mess. The classic, but comic, expression of this was produced by the efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth. 【F2】He found he could shave faster if he used two razors but then wasted all the time he saved covering the cuts with plasters. All of the damage done by overwork is invisible. If it were not—if some of the wear and tear resulted in visible injury—perhaps companies would take more care. 【F3】But it is very hard for most people to accept that thinking is a physical activity, performed by the brain—which, like every organ, has limits to its capacity. We can see machinery break down, we notice broken arms and legs. We do not see broken minds—until it is too late. 【F4】A rapid increase of supposed remedies to overwork—mindfulness, resilience training—may promise some relief but few of these programmes are any kind of a cure. We know machines have limits; we like to imagine that we do not. Tough corporate cultures that measure performance by the hour inevitably lead to fatigue and tunnel vision, and adversely affect problem-solving. They are efficient in the sense that they reduce costs but dangerous in spheres where reputation and judgment count. If we want creativity, originality and mastery of complex problems, we must accept the physical limitations of the human brain. 【F5】As long as we ignore more than 100 years of research into human productivity and manage people as though they were robots with faulty batteries, we waste talent and sacrifice our own integrity.
【答案解析】①本句为复合句，句首是由for和while共同引导的让步状语从句，该状语从句真正主语为不定式结构to imagine the phenomenon is unique to Japan，而imagine“想象”后面是一个省略引导词的宾语从句，说明想象的内容。②主句的表语由that引导的从句充当，从句句末的to look deeply enough to identify it为修饰the first country的后置定语，介绍说明这个国家的情况。
【答案解析】①本句是较为复杂的主从复合句，包含一个宾语从句，宾语从句分句1含有条件状语从句，but连接的分句2包含一个定语从句。②由if引导的条件状语从句if he used two razors作前面he could shave faster的先决条件，说明“使用两片刀片刮胡子会刮得更快”。③but then wasted…with plasters中省略了主语he。后面的定语从句he saved修饰先行词time。此句的句型结构为waste time(in)doing sth．意为“把时间浪费在做……上”。句末的with plasters是方式状语，说明用膏药处理留下的伤口。
【答案解析】①本句为结构较复杂的主从复合句，主干是it is very hard…to accept…。②performed by the brain作为非谓语修饰的是a physical activity，说明这项身体活动是由大脑完成的。③句末的which…has limits to its capacity中，which所引导的非限制性定语从句修饰的先行词是brain，补充说明大脑的特点。like every organ可视为插入语，意为“大脑就像身体各个器官一样”。