单选题 There are a variety of ways to think about the self. Two of the most widely used terms are self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept generally refers to the totality of a complex, organized, and dynamic system of learned beliefs, attitudes and opinions that people bold about themselves, while self-esteem generally refers to how we feel about or how we value ourselves. There is a great deal of research which shows that the self-concept is, perhaps, the basis for all motivated behavior. It is the self-concept that gives rise to possible selves, and it is possible selves that create the motivation for behavior. Self-concept is related to self-esteem in that people who have good self-esteem have a clear differentiated self-concept. When people know themselves, they can maximize outcomes because they know what they can and cannot do. It would see, then that one way to impact self-esteem is to obey the somewhat outworn cliche of "Know thyself. There are several different components of self-concept: physical, academic, social and transpersonal. The physical aspect of self-concept relates to that which is concrete: what we look like, our sex, height, weight, and what kind of clothes we wear. Our academic self-concept relates to how well we do in school or how well we learn. The social self-concept describes how we relate to other people and the transpersonal self-concept describes how we relate to other supernatural or unknown on an emotional or spiritual level. Through self-reflection, people often come to view themselves in a new, more powerful way, and it is through this new, more power way of viewing the self that people can develop possible selves. We develop and maintain our self-concept by taking action and then reflecting on what we have done and what others tell us about what we have done. We reflect in comparison to our expectations and the exceptions of others and to the characteristics and accomplishments of others. Self-concept, thus is not innate, but is developed by the individual through interaction with the environment and reflecting on that interaction. This dynamic aspect of self-concept is important because it indicates that it can be modified or changed.

单选题 It can be inferred from the text that______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：根据文章第一段第三句“There is a great deal of research which shows that the self-concept is．perhaps，the basis for all motivated behavior．”可知，大量研究表明，自我概念也许是所有动机行为的基础。据此可排除D项。B、C两项显然可以排除。根据文章最后两句“Self-concept，thus is not innate，but is developedby the individual through interaction with the environment and reflecting on that interaction．This dynamic aspect ofself-concept is important because it indicates that it can be modified or changed．”可知，自我概念不是天生的，而是个体通过与环境相互作用以及对这种作用的思考而形成的。自我概念的这种动态性的一面很重要，因为它意味着自我概念可以修正或改变。据此判断，答案是A。

单选题 The author's attitude towards the ideas of "know thyself is______.

单选题 One can conclude from the text that by developing good self-esteem people can______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：根据文章第一段第六句和第七句“Self-concept is related to self-esteem in that people who havegood self-esteem have a clear differentiated self-concept．When people know themselves，they can maximizeoutcomes because they know what they can and cannot do．”可知，自我概念和自尊的关联之处在于拥有良好自尊的人也会拥有显著的自我概念。当人们清楚地了解了自己，他们就可以把成果最大化，因为他们知道什么是可以做到的，什么是做不到的。据此判断，答案是B。