问答题 The scientific interest of American history centered in national character, and in the workings of a society destined to become best, in which individuals were important chiefly as types. Although this kind of interest was different from that of European history, it was at least as important to the world. Should history ever become a true science, it must expect to establish its laws, not from the complicated story of rival European nationalities, but from the economical evolution of a great democracy. North America was the most favorable field on the globe for the spread of a society so large, uniform, and isolated as to answer the purposes of science. There a single homogeneous society could easily attain proportions of three or four hundred million persons, under conditions of undisturbed growth. In Europe or Asia, undisturbed social evolution had been unknown. Without disturbance, evolution seems to cease. Wherever disturbance occurred, permanence was impossible. Every people in turn adapted itself to the law of necessity.无
【正确答案】美国历史的科学兴趣集中在民族性格,以及一个注定要成为最好的社会的工作上,在这个社会中,很注重个人类型。尽管这种兴趣和对欧洲历史的兴趣不同,对于世界来说它至少是同样重要的。如果历史将要成为一门真正的科学,它必须期待建立起它的规律,这些规律不是来自竞争者欧洲民族的故事,而是来自一个伟大的民主国家的经济发展。北美是世界上能解释科学的目的的最有利的领域,因为它是一个如此庞大、统一和孤立的社会。在这样一个社会中,在不受干扰的条件下,可以容易地达到三、四亿人口。在欧洲或亚洲,不受干扰的社会演化是没有的。没有了干扰和动乱,演变进展似乎就停止了。无论哪里出现动乱,持久性就不会存在。所有人都要适应这条必然的规律。
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