46){{U}}It must be stressed that a characteristic aspect of the present time is that science is exercising a decisive influence on technology, creating new problems for it, guiding its development and conditioning its progress.{{/U}} As a result, science is tending to become a direct force of industry. Scientific theories penetrate technological processes.
In its turn, the development of science is strongly influenced by the astounding progress of modern technology, which places at its disposal previously undreamed of means: apparatus of high precision and of tremendous power, such as particle accelerators nuclear reactors, electronic computers, etc. 47){{U}}The improvement of industrial technology makes possible the realization of high intensity phenomena such as pressure, temperature, very high tension or nearly ideal conditions of vacuum, often indispensable to accurate experimental results.{{/U}}
Science does not, generally, affect industry directly but does so through the intermediary of technology which places at industry's disposal new improved and powerful machines that increase the productivity of labour. 48){{U}}It improves technological processes, introduces new forms of energy, creates new materials not provided by nature, introduces new and varied means of transport, communication and telecommunication control and telecontrol.{{/U}} 49){{U}}All these means amazingly increase the productivity of labour by substituting human forces for those of nature.{{/U}}
50){{U}}The raising of the technical level of industry, therefore, constitutes a major imperative of our time presented to science, which finds itself in the vanguard of social progress.{{/U}}