单选题 Our analysis therefore suggests that the real problem facing the black community lies in the educational obstacles prior to the Ph.D. programs rather than in the pour-in of foreign students. Equally, our analysis suggests that we ought to treat foreign students as an important source of brain gain for us and that we ought to facilitate, rather than hinder, their arrival and their entry into our work force. How could this be done?
There is a long-standing provision in our immigration laws under which those who bring in a certain amount of financial capital (which will "create jobs") are allowed to immigrate: A foreigner who invests one million dollars in a commercial enterprise established in a high-unemployment area, which creates jobs for at least ten Americans, is automatically given immigrant status (i.e., a green card). We suggest extending the idea from financial to human capital.
Currently, graduate students who wish to stay on in the United States after their Ph.D. s must be sponsored by their employers, a process that imposes substantial hardship both on the students and on smaller employers.
The standard procedure is in two stages. First, the U. S. Department of Labor must, on the basis of a U. S. employer"s sponsorship, certify that "no American can do this job." Then, the would-be immigrant must apply for immigrant status at the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). If all goes right, the entire process takes about two years (considerably more for citizens of certain countries). But things may not go right: there could be problems at either stage. Thus, the employer or the "alien" must hire an immigration lawyer. The current process, then, is costly both to the would-be immigrant and to the employer (and hence, it unfairly penalizes smaller firms that cannot afford this expensive process and so cannot recruit this foreign talent).
The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1990 introduced an alternative route for professors and researchers to secure immigrant status. Essentially, it eliminates the average processing time to about one year, it does not eliminate any of the uncertainty or the need for expensive legal counsel.
We budget that automatic green cards be given to all those who obtain a Ph. D. in the science and engineering programs at our universities. In adopting such a "guaranteed green card" proposal, we would be recognizing the important contribution that these students make to our leading position in science by giving equal weight to human capital and financial capital.

单选题 Prior to this text, the author has most probably made an analysis of

单选题 Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 根据第一段第二句“Equally, our analysis suggests that we ought to treat foreign students as all important source of brain gain for us...”可知，我们应该将外国留学生看做重要的人才流入的源泉，这是人力资本，而非金融资本，故A选项错误；根据最后一段首句“We budget that automatic green cards be given to all those who obtain a Ph.D. in the science and engineering programs at our universities.”可知，作者建议，能够获得自动绿卡的是科学和工程学博士，故B选项错误；D选项在文中没有体现。根据最后一段最后一句“In adopting such a "guaranteed green card" proposal, we would be recognizing the...”可知，作者认为外国博士生也是一种资本，故选C。

单选题 A foreign graduate student who applies for immigrant status must have

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 根据第三段可知，在获得博士学位后希望留在美国的大学毕业生必须得到他们雇主的担保，A选项符合文意；根据第二段由“A foreigner who invests one million dollars in a commercial enterprise established...status.”那些能够带来一定数额的金融资本(这些金融资本能够创造就业机会)的外国公民可以获得移民身份，但这并不是外国大学毕业生申请移民资格的必要条件，故B选项错误；根据第四段第五句“But things may not go right...an immigration lawyer.”可知，只有当移民申请过程中遇到问题时才需要律师的帮助，故D选项错误。