Questions 71 to 80 are based on the following passage.
【真题来源:2020年9月大学英语四级真题(第一套)PartⅢ,Section A,第26-35题】
There're three main types of financial stress people encounter. The first type is apparent in people being stressed about the(71)________ ups and downs of investment markets—actually not so much the ups, but(72)________ the downs. These people are usually unable or unprepared to endure the long haul.
The next common type of financial stress is that caused by debt. In a(73)________ percentage of cases of debt-induced financial stress, credit cards and loans will be a central element. Often there'll be a car loan and perhaps a mortgage, but credit cards often seem to be the gateway to debt⁃related financial difficulties for many.
The third type of stress and(74)________ the least known is inherited financial stress, which is the most destructive. It is experienced by those who have grown up in households where their parents regularly(75)________ and fought about money. Money therefore becomes a stressful topic, and so the thought of sitting down and planning is an unattractive (76)________ .
Those suffering inherited financial anxiety(77)________ to follow one of two patterns. Either they put their head in the sand: they would(78)________ examining their financial statements, budgeting, and discussing financial matters with those closest to them. Alternatively, they would go to the other(79)________ , and micro⁃analyze everything, to the point of complete(80)________ . They're convinced that whatever decision they make will be the wrong one.
A)appearance
B)argued
C)avoid
D)considerable
E)definitely
F)extreme
G)inaction
H)incredibly
I)normal
J)possibly
K)proposition
L)rebelled
M)statement
N)tend
O)traditional
空格前为定冠词the,空格后为名词词组ups and downs,因此应填入形容词修饰名词词组。空格所在句介绍的第一种财务压力是由投资市场的涨跌情况带来的。而投资市场的涨跌属“正常现象”,故选I) normal“正常的”。
空格所在的句子结构完整,因此应填入副词作状语。由not……but……结构可知,空格所在部分的句意与前半句相反。前半句提到,他们并不那么担心上涨,可推测后半句想表达的意思是“会担心下跌”。故选E) definitely“肯定”。
空格前为不定冠词a,空格后为名词percentage,因此应填入形容词。根据空格后提到的central element“核心因素”,Often“通常”等表达,可推测这些案例的出现几率很高,结合备选项可知 considerable“相当大(或多)的”符合句意,故选D)。
空格所在句成分完整,且空格后为形容词最高级the least known,因此应填入副词作状语。文章在介绍前两种压力时提到了apparent“明显的”,common“普遍的”等表达,而在介绍第三种压力时提到了the least known“最鲜为人知的”。说明,相较于前两种压力,第三种压力“可能”并不常见,故选J) possibly 。
空格所在句为where引导的定语从句,其主语为their parents,副词regularly 作状语, and连接并列的动词作谓语,and后的动词fought为过去式,因此应填入动词的过去式。备选项中符合条件的只有B) argued“争吵”和L) rebelled“反抗”。而rebelled 的主语通常是“造反者”或“叛乱者”,但空格所在句中的主语是parents“父母”,故选B) argued表示“父母经常为钱而争吵和打架”。
空格前为冠词an和形容词unattractive,因此应填入可数名词单数形式。该段提到父母因钱而争吵和打架,他们的子女便认为金钱是一个充满压力的话题,因此规划财务的意见也变得没有吸引力。空格处应填入与the thought相呼应的词,故选K) proposition“提议,建议”。
空格前为主语Those suffering inherited financial anxiety,空格后为动词不定式to follow,因此应填入谓语动词,且时态应为现在时。备选项中符合条件的只有C) avoid“避免,防止”和N) tend“倾向于,往往会”。分别填入空格处,能与to构成固定搭配的只有tend,意为“趋向于,往往会”,故选N)。
空格前为情态动词would,空格后为动名词examining,因此应填入动词原形。空格所在句是对经历财务继承压力的人所呈现的第一种模式——逃避现实的解释,空格后的内容与处理财务问题有关,因此是想表达他们会“避免”做这些事情,故选C) avoid。
空格前为限定词the other,因此应填入名词。空格所在句是在介绍经历财务继承压力的人所呈现的第二种模式,即他们会对一切进行微观分析。可知,与第一种避免处理财务问题的人相比,这是另一种“极端”,故选 F)extreme“极端”。
空格前为形容词complete,因此应填入名词。由文章末句可知,第二种人确信他们所做的任何决定都是错误的。因此,他们虽然会细致入微地分析任何事情,但最后却什么也不做,故选G) inaction“不作为”。