单选题
Losing weight can seem like an unwinnable war. You know you need to eat less and exercise more, but that's (1) impossible when everything in your life—from job stress to the temptation of fast and (2) foods—encourages you to do the (3) . A healthy diet and regular exercise are certainly the best weapons against weight gain, (4) the fact is that sometimes they aren't enough. And that's (5) science may someday be able to help. In various research labs, researchers are closely looking (6) the biological mechanisms of obesity, (7) why some bodies store fat so (8) , and why others are better at burning the calories they (9) . They are discovering a surprising (10) of metabolic and physiologic factors that contribute to weight: did you know, for instance, that your intestines are full of bacteria that can (11) or restrain weight gain to some extent? Or that the brown fat—which is (12) in newborns—actually burns a lot of calories, (13) the traditional white fat commonly stored in bellies? These and other findings about the biology of weight gain could be the (14) to slimming our collective waistline, if scientists can someday use them to (15) better treatments for obesity. (16) we could use the help: in the decade between the year of 1991 and that of 2000, the (17) of overweight adults in the U.S. increased by 61%. Last year, 30% of children in 30 states (18) the scales as either overweight or obese. "We just don't have enough physicians to treat all the obese people," says Dr. Michael Jensen, professor of medicine. If the latest findings from obesity labs prove as (19) as they are promising, they could in the future make the job of fighting obesity easier for (20) and patients, and help all of us get an extra boost from our diet and exercise programs.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[试题考点] 上下文语意关系和副词词义辨析。 [解题思路] 该句前半句指出,你知道你需要少吃、多运动,由逗号的but可知,逗号前后是转折关系。后半句指出,你生活中的一切——从工作压力到______快餐的诱惑——会促使你______,使少吃、多运动变得不可能。that指代前半句的eat less and exercise more,本空所填词只能是表示不可能程度的副词,选项[A]nearly意为“几乎;差不多;很接近地”,符合上下文逻辑关系,为正确选项。 [干扰排除] 三个干扰项中,选项[C]never修饰impossible时,双重否定表示肯定,意思为“绝不会不可能”,即“很可能”,这与后面when引导的条件状语从句的内容相矛盾;选项[B]certainly和选项[D]surely表示“必定;无疑”,代入文中意义过于绝对,故以上三项皆可排除。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[试题考点] 上下文语意关系和形容词词义辨析。 [解题思路] 本空格所在的破折号内的部分为everything的同位语,具体解释everything的内容。此处意为“从工作压力到______快餐的诱惑会促使你______,使少吃、多运动变得不可能”,纵观四个选项,选项[C]fatty意为“富含脂肪的”,fast and fatty foods即“高脂肪快餐”,符合文意。 [干扰排除] 选项[A]greasy修饰食物时是贬义同,表示“油腻的”,油腻的食物不会对人产生诱惑(temptation),故排除。选项[B]regular为“通常的”,选项[D]nutritional为“营养丰富的”,这两项代入原文意为“通常的或营养丰富的食物会使少吃、多运动(健康的生活方式)变得不可能”,逻辑关系错误,故排除。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[试题考点] 上下文语意关系和动词短语辨析。 [解题思路] 文章首句指出,减肥是一场看似无法取胜的战争。接下来空格所在句解释原因:你知道你需要少吃、多运动,但这几乎是不可能的,工作压力和高脂肪快餐的诱惑都促使你______。由第一个空格前的but可知,but后的句意与前面意思相反,四个选项中只有do the opposite“做相反的事”与上文形成转折,故正确。 [干扰排除] 选项[A]do the best意为“做得最好”,选项[B]do the impossible意为“做不可能的事”,选项[C]do the trick意为“达到目的;奏效”,这三个词组放在此处皆不符合上下文语意,故排除。
【答案解析】[试题考点] 固定搭配。 [解题思路] 空格所在部分a surprising ______ of metabolic and physiologic为factors的前置定语,that contribute to weight为定语从句,修饰factors。该句意为“他们发现了______令人吃惊的在新陈代谢利生理机能方面导致体重增加的因素”。四个选项中只有an array of能够修饰factors,其意为“大批;一系列;大量”,符合上下文语意。 [干扰排除] 选项[A]a school of一般指“鱼、鲸、海豚等的一群”,选项[B]a crowd of多指人群,选项[C]an army of也是指一大群人,都不符合文意。
【答案解析】[试题考点] 上下文语意关系和形容词词义辨析。 [解题思路] 空格所在部分Or that...为that引导的宾语从句,与宾语从句that your intestine...一起作动词know的并列宾语。两个破折号内的非限定性定语从句修饰the brown fat,此处意为“棕色脂肪在新生儿体内______”,选项[A]abundant意为“允裕的;丰富的”,用在此句意为“棕色脂肪在新生儿体内大量存在”,符合文意。 [干扰排除] 选项[B]tremendous意为“极大的;巨大的”,选项[C]massive意为“巨大的;大量的”,选项[D]gigantic意为“巨大的;庞大的”,以上三项都可用来表示“(数量、规模或程度上)极大的,巨大的”,如:a tremendous amount of time; a massive amount of money; The cost has been gigantic.但三者均表示与平时数量相比多得不寻常或非常极端的(unusually or extremely large),棕色脂肪在婴儿体内的数量不可能多得不寻常或非常极端,故排除以上三项。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[试题考点] 上下文语意关系和介词词义辨析。 [解题思路] 空格后为名词词组the traditional white fat, commonly stored in bellies为后置定语修饰white fat。由各选项可知,空格处需填入一个介词,与该名词词组构成介词短语,作the brown fat...actually burns a lot of calories的状语。原句提到,棕色脂肪实际上能消耗大量卡路里,由常识可知,这与传统的堆积在腹部的白色脂肪是不同的。选项[B]unlike为介词,意为“与……不同;不像……”,符合语法及上下文语意。 [干扰排除] 由原文actually burns a lot of calories可知,brown fat和traditional white fat是两种截然不同的脂肪,故排除表示包含关系的选项[A]among(在……之中)和选项[D]besides(除了……之外还有)。,选项[C]above表示数量上超过,也不符合此处文意,故排除。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[试题考点] 上下文语意关系与名词词义辨析。 [解题思路] 由文章及各选项可知,空格处需填入一个名词,作表语。本题空格前的部分意为“这些以及其他关于体重增加的发现也许是”,空格后的内容意为“缩小腰围”,显然,该句意在表达这些发现是缩小腰围(即减肥)的______,且空格后为介词短语to slimming...,四个选项中,只有选项[D]在语意以及结构上符合原文要求。the key to sth/doing sth意为“是……的关键”。 [干扰排除] 选项[A]weapon意为“武器”,存语意上符合原文,但常见搭配为weapon against sth,没有weapon to+doing这种搭配,故排除。选项[B]clue意为“(完成任务、解决问题的)线索,提示”,常用短语为clue to sth,如:Diet may hold the clue to the causes of migraine. (饮食习惯有可能揭示偏头痛的原因。)但根据下文可知,这些发现可能会直接帮助患者减肥,作用重大,故clue放入文中不如key更符合文意,故可排除。选项[C]problem意为“难题;问题”,既不能与to doing搭配,又不符合文意,故排除。
【答案解析】[试题考点] 上下文语意关系和名词词义辨析。 [解题思路] 本题空格所在句句意为“对于______和病人而言,对抗肥胖症的工作将会变得更加容易”,联系上一段末句中的We just don't have enough physicians to treat all the obese people可知,除了肥胖症患者自身对抗肥胖症外,医生们(physicians)也是帮助患者对抗肥胖症的一个群体,因此,实验的结果应该会使医生与病人对抗肥胖的工作更加轻松,故选项[B]正确。 [干扰排除] 选项[A]scientists意为“科学家”,选项[D]researchers意为“研究人员”,科学家以及研究人员进行有关肥胖症的相关研究,但他们并不直接参与对抗肥胖症的工作,故与文意不符。选项[C]chiefs意为“领导人;首长”,文中并未出现关于这个群体的相关信息,故排除。