单选题 VII. (Civil and Commercial Law) Anglican Archbishop Rowan Williams set off an international firestorm1 on Feb?ruary 7, 2008 by suggesting that some “accommodation” of Muslim family law was “unavoidable” in England. His suggestion, though carefully qualified, prompted more than 250 articles in the world press within a month, the vast majority de?nouncing it. England, his critics charged, will be beset by “licensed polygamy,” bar?baric procedures, and brutal violence against women encased in suffocating burkas（穆斯林妇女穿的长袍）. Critics proclaimed that Muslim citizens of a Western democracy will be subject to le?gally ghettoized Muslim courts immune from civil appeal or constitutional challenge. Consider Nigeria, Pakistan, and other former English colonies that have sought to balance Muslim Shari’a (伊斯兰教法) with the common law, other critics added. The horrific ex?cesses and chronic human rights violations of their religious courts—even ordering the faithful to stone innocent rape victims for dishonoring their families—prove that religious laws and state laws on the family simply cannot coexist. Case closed. This case won’t stay closed for long, however. The Archbishop was not call?ing for the establishment of independent Muslim courts in England, let alone the enforcement of Shari’a by English courts. He was, instead, raising a whole series of hard but “unavoidable” questions about marital, cultural, and religious identity and practice in Western democratic societies committed to human rights for all. What forms of marriage should citizens be able to choose, and what forums of religious marriage law should state governments be required to respect? How should Muslims and other religious minorities with distinctive family norms and cultural practices be accommodated in a society dedicated to religious liberty and self-determination, and to religious equality and non-discrimination? Are legal pluralism and even “per?sonal federalism” necessary to protect Muslims and other religious believers who are conscientiously opposed to the liberal values that inform modern state laws on sex, marriage, and family? Is every constitutional accommodation of Muslim family law and Shari’a courts a dangerous step on the slippery slope toward empowering that faith, some of whose leaders subvert the very democratic and human rights values that now offer them protection? These and other hard questions are becoming “un?avoidable” for many modern Western democracies with growing and diverse Muslim communities, each making new and ever louder demands. If current growth rates of Muslim communities in the West continue, a generation from now the Danish cartoon “crisis” is going to seem like child’s play.

单选题 The best topic for the first paragraph is ( )

单选题 The author thinks that the “case won’t stay closed for long” because the Archbishop ( )

单选题 Which of the following questions does the author NOT ask in the second paragraph? ( )

单选题 The questions raised by the author are becoming “un?avoidable” for many modern Western democracies NOT because ( )