填空题 A = NewspapersA. B = NewspapersB. C = NewspapersC.
Which medium...
※ Possibly has 48 or even 200 pages a day . 1
※ Has no censorship of press. 2
※ Has Le monde in French. 3
※ Has the most voracious readers in the world. 4
※ Has the Daily Express, the Daily Mail and 5
the Daily Mirror and the Sun.
※ Is an organ of the Communists. 6
※ Carries the "Letter to the Editor". 7
※ Once courageously exposed the Watergate Affair. 8
※ Has extremely high quality papers with widely 9
quoted views all over the world.
NewspapersA.
No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the USA. There are almost 2,000 of them, as compared with 180 in Japan, 164 in Argentina and 1 1 1 in Britain. The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted all over the world. Distinguished dailies like the Washington Post or the New York Times exert a powerful influence all over the country. However the Post and the Times are not national newspapers in the sense that The Times is in Britain or Le Monde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news.
Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the "sensational", which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions American newspapers try to entertain as well as give information, for they have to compete with the lure of television.
Just as American newspapers cater for all tastes, so do they also try and appeal to readers of all political persuasions. A few newspapers support extremist groups on the far right and on the far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road. Americans who are essentially moderate. Many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of differing political and social views, in order to present a balanced picture.
As in other democratic countries American newspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once courageously exposed political scandals or crimes, for instance, the Watergate Affair. The newspapers drew the attention of the public to the horrors of the Vietnam War.
NewspapersB.
The major agency for distributing information to the public is the newspaper. Every major city has two, three, or four general newspapers, and even the smallest towns and cities are likely to have at least one local paper. In addition to the general newspapers, there are likely to be in large cities which have large numbers of foreign-born citizens, newspapers which are printed in the native languages of these citizens. It is not surprising to get on a bus or street car in an American city and find a person there reading a newspaper in Italian or German or Polish. In addition to the foreign language newspapers, there are also newspapers published by groups with special interests. This group includes the religious newspapers, the trade and business papers, and the political journals.
On a normal day, an American paper is likely to have 48 or more pages, and on Sundays the number of pages may be nearly 200. This size is accounted for in two main ways.
First, a newspaper carries items of interest to everyone—young people and old people, businessmen and workers, buyers and sellers. Second, the selling price is not enough to pay for producing the paper. In order to earn additional money, newspapers sell advertising space to private citizens and business firms, and a large part of the paper is taken up by advertisements. This combination of items of interest to everyone and a large number of advertisements accounts for the size of the paper.
The first section of a newspaper is devoted to general news, editorials, and the columns which give interpretations of the news. In this section are the stories of national and international interest. In the editorial section the publishers of the paper present their view of the news. The editorial section also carries the "Letters to the Editor." These are letters from readers who have views to express on the news, the government, or the policy of the newspaper itself.
Among other sections of the paper there would be a section of local news, that is, news of special interest to the readers living in the community where the paper is published. There would be a feature section carrying items of special interst to women, social news, children"s items, and other special articles. There is always asports section. The final section might be devoted to financial and business news, classified advertisements, and the comic strips.
In addition to newspapers as agencies of public information, there are weekly news magazines which are nationally and sometimes internationally circulated. Like the newspapers, they are privately owned and privately controlled, and they depend on advertising for a large part of their income. The best known of these weekly publications are Time, Newsweek-, and U. S. News and World Report. The weeklies Life and Look, which present their stories largely through pictures, are also widely circulated.
NewspapersC.
The British are the most voracious newspaper reader"s in the world. They read newspapers at breakfast; they walk to the bus reading a newspaper; they read a newspaper on the bus, as they go to work; and on the way back home, after work, they are engrossed in an evening newspaper.
There are many morning papers", both national and provincial. The most famous is The Times. Contrary to what many foreigners believe, this is not a government newspaper. The various newspapers usually have their own views on polities, but they are not organs of the political parties, with the exception of the Communist Morning Star. The labour Party and the Trades Union Congress no longer have a daily newspaper to represent them.
Bold headlines and a variety of photographs are features of the British press. Some newspapers, such as the sober Daily Telegraph and The Times(which belong to the "quality" press, ) use photographs sparingly. The more "popular" newspapers, using the small or "tabloid" format, such as th Daily Express, the Daily Mail, the Daily Mirror and the Sun, use pictures extensively and also run stripcartoons and humorous drawings, some of which present striking pictorial comment on politics.
Besides offering features common to newspapers all over the world. British newspapers specialize in pages devoted to criticism of the arts and a woman"s page. One feature found in many foreign newspapers is missing in British papers: the serial.
Nearly all papers pay special attention to the reporting of sport and athletics. The evening newspapers(the first editions of which appear in the morning! )are often bought because the purchaser wants to know the winner of a race, or to get a good tip for a race that is still to be run.
There is no censorship of the press in Britain(except in wartime., though of course all newspapers—like private persons—are responsible for what they pbulish, and can be used for libel for publishing articles that go beyond the bounds of decency, or for "contempt of court" (e. g. calling a man a murderer while he is still being tried.. Such lawsuits are infrequent.