单选题 已知某厂商发行了300万美元的债券,息票率为7%,期限为3年,利息每年支付一次,市场利率为8%。试根据上述信息解答问题。
单选题 The bond can be classified as a:
  • A. par bond.
  • B. discount bond.
  • C. premium bond.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 由于债券的息票率(7%)低于市场利率(8%),从而债券的发行价格低于票面价值,因而该债券属于折价债券。因此,本题的正确选项为B。
单选题 The annual coupon payments will be.
  • A. $210000
  • B. $240000
  • C. $320000
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 年度息票支付金额=债券票面价值×息票率=3000000×7%=210000(美元)
单选题 Total of all cash payments to the bondholders is:
  • A. $630000
  • B. $3000000
  • C. $3630000
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 向债券持有者支付的现金总额=息票支付金额+本金偿付金额=210000×3+3000000=3630000(美元)
单选题 The initial book value of the bonds is:
  • A. $2833425
  • B. $2922711
  • C. $3000000
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] [*]
单选题 For the first period the interest expense is:
  • A. $204590
  • B. $233817
  • C. $210000
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 利息费用=账面价值×市场利率=2922711×8%=233817(美元)
单选题 If the market rate changes to 10% and the bonds are carried at amortized cost, the book value of the bonds at the end of the first year will be:
  • A. $2946588
  • B. $3128684
  • C. $3496625
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 新的账面价值=期初账面价值+利息费用-息票支付金额=2922711+233817-210000=2946588(美元)
单选题 The total interest expense reported by the issuer over the life of the bond will be:
  • A. $487526
  • B. $523468
  • C. $552711
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 利息费用总额=息票支付金额+贴现利息=息票支付金额+(账面价值-发行价值)=630000+(2922711-3000000)=552711(美元)
单选题 For analytical purposes, what is the impact on the debt-to-equity if the market rate of interest increases after the bond is issued?
  • A. No change.
  • B. A decrease.
  • C. An increase.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 市场利率的上涨将使债券价格相应上升。基于财务分析的目标,将债券的负债金额调整至其经济价值将使债务金额下降,同时使权益金额上涨。在上述两方面因素的共同作用下,债务—权益比率将会下降。因此,本题的正确选项为B。
单选题 A company has convertible bonds with conversion price of $30 per share. The stock price is currently $35 per share. For analytical purposes, the bonds should be treated as:
  • A. debt.
  • B. equity.
  • C. a combination of debt and equity.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 由于股票的市场价格明显高于其转换价格,从而基于财务分析的目的,应当将上述债券视为权益。
单选题 Dacon Inc. has a capital structure consisting of $40 million of liabilities and $50 million of equity. Dacon issues $3 million of preferred shares and $5 million of bonds with warrants attached (debt component comprises 70% of the value) for total cash proceeds of $8 million. Which of the following amounts is the revised debt-total capital ratio upon the issuance of the two new financial instruments?
  • A. 0.28
  • B. 0.35
  • C. 0.44
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 300万美元的优先股应当被视为权益。对于附认股权的债券而言,500万美元×70%=350(万美元),其余的150万美元则应视为权益。 负债=4000万美元+350万美元=4350(万美元) 权益=5000万美元+300万美元+150万美元=5450(万美元)
单选题 A finance lease results in the following net income effects to a lessee as compared to an operating lease:
early years later years
① lower lower
② lower higher
③ higher lower
  • A. ①
  • B. ②
  • C. ③
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 在较早的年份中,由于在营业租赁方法下,利息与折旧费用之和高于租金费用,从而融资租赁将导致较低的净收益金额。在较晚的年份中,上述情况将发生逆转,亦即产生较高的净收益金额。因此,本题的正确选项为B。
单选题 On 1 January 2010 a company enters into a lease agreement to lease a piece of machinery as the lessor with the following terms:
annual lease payment due 31 December $50000
lease term 5 years
estimated useful life of the machine 6 years
estimated salvage value of the machine $0
carrying value (cost) of leased asset $160000
implied interest rate on lease 8%
The firm is reasonably assured of the collection of the lease payments.
Which of the following best describes the classification of the lease on the company's financial statements for 2010?
  • A. Operating lease.
  • B. Sales type lease.
  • C. Direct financing lease.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 资产的租赁期限(5年)超过了其预期使用年限(6年)的75%。 [*] 由上述计算结果可知,租赁资产的账面价值(160000美元)低于租金支付的现值(199635美元)。因此,该公司2010年度的财务报表应将上述租赁归为销售型租赁。
单选题 Which of the following statements is least likely an off-balance-sheet financing method?
  • A. Sale of receivables.
  • B. Convertible bonds.
  • C. Throughput arrangements.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 可转换债券应作为负债记录在资产负债表中,因而不属于表外融资的方法。
单选题 At the beginning of the year, a lessee company enters into a new lease agreement that is correctly classified as a finance lease, with the following terms:
annual lease payment due 31 December $100000
lease term 5 years
appropriate discount rate 12%
depreciation method straight-line basis
estimated salvage value $0
With respect to effect of the lease on the company's financial statements in the first year of the lease, which of the following is most accurate?
  • A. The reduction in the company's pretax income is $72096.
  • B. The reduction in the company's cash flow from financing is $56743.
  • C. The reduction in the company's cash flow from operations is $72096.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] [*] 相应地,第一年租金支付的利息部分为初始现值的12%,即360477.62×12%=43257.31(美元)。年租金支付金额与上述利息金额之间的差额为包含在融资现金流中的租赁义务摊销金额,即100000-43257.31=56742.69(美元)。 折旧金额为360477.62/5=72095.52(美元),从而税前收益减少的总金额为利息金额与折旧金额之和,即43257.31+72095.52=115352.83(美元)。由于折旧金额将加回到现金流中以确定营业现金流的金额,因而应当从利息金额中扣除营业现金流金额。
单选题 For a lessor, a sales-type lease results in:
  • A. gross profit.
  • B. rental income.
  • C. depreciation expense.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 如果一项租赁属于资本租赁且出租人为租赁资产的经纪人或出售者,则该项租赁就称为销售型租赁。在销售型租赁中,出租人应记录总利润和利息收益,而在营业租赁中,出租人则应记录租赁收益和折旧费用。因此,本题的正确选项为A。
单选题 Which of the following statements about direct financing leases and operating leases is least accurate for a lessor?
  • A. Total cash flows are not affected by the accounting treatment of lease.
  • B. As compared to an operating lease, a direct financing lease will result in higher operating cash flows.
  • C. An operating lease will result in lower earnings in the earlier years of the lease, while the direct lease will result in lower earnings in the later years.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 对租赁会计处理方法的选择将会对现金流的分类产生影响,但不会对现金流总额产生影响。因此,选项A的阐述正确。 如果选择营业租赁,则所有租金都将被出租人记录为营业现金流入。在直接融资租赁法下,租金将被分摊至利息收入(营业现金流入)和本金减少额(投资现金流入)中。因此,与营业租赁相比,直接融资租赁将导致较低的营业现金流,选项B的阐述不正确。 营业租赁将在较早年份中产生较低的盈余,而直接融资租赁则在较晚年份中产生较低的盈余。因此,选项C的阐述正确。
单选题 For a company that has sold receivable but retained the credit risk, which of the following statements is least likely to require adjustment by an analyst?
  • A. Current ratio.
  • B. Debt-to-equity.
  • C. Inventory turnover.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 在应收账款出售的业务关系下,一家厂商可以将其应收账款出售给第三方,但该厂商仍继续负责对该笔应收账款的接收,并将所得款项全部移交给第三方。尽管在财务处理中应将此类交易记录为销售额,从而使应收账款减少,营业现金流增加,但上述应收账款的购买者(第三方)只承担有限的风险,将由出售方承担应收账款无法收回的风险。因此,应收账款出售的交易形式本质上是一种抵押借款。 从分析师的角度来讲,应当在计算相关财务比率(如流动比率、应收账款周转率和杠杆比率)之前,将被出售的应收账款金额添加到流动负债金额中。此外,应当将应收账款的销售额归为融资现金流而不是营业现金流,从而实现对厂商营业现金流的调整。 在计算债务—权益比率、应收账款周转率和利息抛补比率等财务比率时,应当将子公司对应于母公司持股比例的应收账款和负债添加到母公司的财务报表的对应项目中。 应收账款的出售不会对存货产生影响,从而不需要对存货周转率进行调整。
单选题 At the beginning of the year, two companies issued debt with the same market rate, maturity date, and total face value. One company issued coupon-bearing bonds at par and the other company issued zero-coupon bonds. All other factors being equal for that year, compared with the company that issued par bonds, the company that issued zero-coupon debt will most likely report:
  • A. higher cash flow from operations but not higher interest expense.
  • B. both higher cash flow operations and higher interest expense.
  • C. neither higher cash flow from operations nor higher interest expense.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 当企业发行零息债券时,其营业现金流将在债券的存续期间被高估。计息费用的记录基于编制损益表的编制,但将被作为对营业现金流的非现金调整项目加回到现金流表中。因此,本题的正确选项为A。
单选题 On 1 January 2010 a company enters into a lease agreement to lease a piece of machinery as the lessor with the following terms:
annual lease payment due 31 December
lease term
estimated useful life of the machine
estimated salvage value of the machine
carrying value (cost) of leased asset
implied interest rate on lease
$75000
6 years
7 years
$0
$300000
7%
The firm is reasonably assured of the collection of the lease payments.
The total effect on 2010 pre-tax income for the lessor from this lease is closest to:
  • A. $32413.
  • B. $75000.
  • C. $82514.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题属于销售型租赁且租赁期限超过了租赁资产75%以上的使用寿命。 租金支付的现值为: [*] 由上述计算结果可知,资产的账面价值(300000美元)低于租金支付的现值(357490美元)。在上述情况下,该厂商必须已购买了该套设备或自行生产上述设备。 该厂商在第一年的总收益应当包含销售的毛利润(357490-300000=57490美元)和融资租赁的利息收入。在该年中,期初的租金支付金额为357490(美元),可获得的利息收入为357490×7%=25024(美元)。进一步地,可得总收益=销售的毛利润+融资租赁的利息收入=57490+25024=82514(美元)。