问答题 Suppose you are teaching an English-speaking person Chinese. How would you help him/her interpret the following sentences, especially the relationships between the noun phrases at the beginning of the sentences and the verbs? Could you classify the sentences into different groups and suggest strategies for interpreting each group?
(1)钱你先垫着。
(2)这件事你可以写一部小说。
(3)报纸我包书。
(4)小王我已经告诉他了。
(5)我结婚的都送这个。
(6)动物园跑了一只熊。
(7)谁都了解这个情况。
(8)哪个地方都买不到适合我穿的衣服。

【正确答案】In sentences(1)to(4), there is a noun at the beginning of each sentence, and the noun can be regarded as the object of the verb in interpretation. These sentences are of the same type of sentence style and they all can be translated into active, or passive voice.
(1)You pay the money. /The money is paid by you.
(2)You can write the thing into a novel. /The thing can be written into a novel by you.
(3)I use this newspaper to cover books. /This newspaper is used to cover books.
(4)I have told Xiao Wang all. /Xiao Wang has been told all by me.
Sentence(5) is a little different. The noun“结婚的”after“我”, which is not placed in the initial position. can be viewed as the indirect object of the verb “送”. thus the sentences can be translated as "I give it to every married one". In sentence(6), the noun “动物园” is actually the adverbial of place in the sentence. So the sentence can be translated into "One bear escaped from the zoo". As for sentence(7), we can use the fixed expression "It is known to all". Just like in sentence(6), the noun at the beginning position in sentence(8)can be understood as the adverbial of place. So it can be translated as "I can't buy the clothes anywhere which suit me".
Based on the analysis, we can get several sentence groups: 1)object+subject+verb(OSV), 2)subject+indirect object+verb+direct object(sovo), 3)place noun+verb+subject, 4)semantically-equivalent sentences.
Some suggested strategies for interpretation:
We may view the initial noun in the first group as the object, so we can use both active and passive voice to interpret sentences in the group. As for the second group, we should interpret them on the basis of the semantic content. As for the third group, we still need to fix the normal sentence order according to its semantic content. And the last group, which is usually fixedly expressed, can be interpreted from language practice and the culture concerned.
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查英、汉语句型的异同,英、汉语之间既有相同或者说对等之处,同时也有较多相异之处。这就要求考生对该校所规定的三本参考书部应有所关注。