It is no secret among athletes that in order to improve performance you've got to work hard. However, hard training breaks you down and makes you weaker. It is rest that makes you stronger. Improvement only occurs during the rest period following hard training. This adaptation is accomplished by improving efficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle cells. During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to compensate for the stress that you have applied. The result is that you are now at a higher level of performance. If sufficient rest is not included in a training program, imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur, and performance will decline. The overtralnlng syndrome (综合征) is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms due to overtraining that has persisted for weeks to months. It is marked by cumulative exhaustion that persists even after recovery periods. The most common symptom is fatigue. This may limit workouts and may be present at rest. The athlete may also become moody, easily irritated, have altered sleep pattems, become depressed, or lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for the sport, some will report decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical symptoms include persistent muscular soreness, increased frequency of viral (病毒性的) illnesses, and increased incidence of injuries. The treatment for the overtraining syndrome is rest. The longer the overtraining has occurred, the more rest required. Therefore, early detection is very important. If the overtraining has only occurred for a short period of time (e. g 3—-4 weeks) then interrupting training for 3—5 days is usually sufficient rest. It is important that the factors that lead to overtraining be identified and corrected. Otherwise, the overtraining syndrome is likely to recur. The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose performance has leveled offor decreased. It is important to exclude any underlying illness that may be responsible for the fatigue.
单选题
The first paragraph of the passage tells us that______ A. the harder an athlete trains, the better his performance will be B. rest after vigorous training improves an athlete's performance C. strict systematic training is essential to an athlete's top performance D. improvement of an athlete's performance occurs in the course of training
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文章第一段第四句“Improvement only occurs during the rest period following hardtraining．”可知，艰苦的锻炼之后有一个休息的阶段才能会有体育成绩的改善。据此判断， 答案是B。
单选题
By "overtraining" the author means______ A. a series of physical symptoms that occur after training B. undue emphasis on the importance of physical exertion C. training that is not adequately compensated for by rest D. training that has exceeded an athlete's emotional limits
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文章第二段第一句“If sufficient rest is not included in a training program， imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will OCCur,and performance will decline．” 可知，如果训练项目中没有包含足够的休息，过度训练和休息不足的失衡问题就会显现，体 育成绩也会下降。所以，过度训练综合征其实就是休息与训练能否相抵的问题。据此判断， 答案是C。
单选题
What does the passage tell us about the "overtraining" syndrome? A. It occurs when athletes lose interest in sports. B. It appears right after a hard training session. C. The fatigue it results in is unavoidable in the athlete's training process. D. It manifests itself in fatigue which lingers even after a recovery period.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文章第二段最后一句“It is marked by cumulative exhaustion that persists even after recovery periods．”可知，过度训练综合征的标志是恢复期过后依然持续精疲力竭。据此 判断，答案是D。
单选题
What does the phrase "level off" (Line 7, Para. 4) most probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Become dull. C. Stop improving. D. Be on the decline.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文章最后一段倒数第二句“The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose performance has leveled off or decreased．”可知，只要运动员存在长时间的疲倦、成绩趋平或下滑的症状，都应该考虑到有可 能是过度训练综合征。所以，该短语的意思最接近“停止进步”之意。据此判断，答案是C。
单选题
The author advises at the end of the passage that______ A. overtraining syndrome should be treated as a serious illness B. overtraining syndrome should be prevented before it occurs C. an athlete with overtraining syndrome should take a lengthy rest D. illness causing fatigue should not be mistaken for overtraining syndrome
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文章最后一句“It is important to exclude any underlying illness that may be responsible for the fatigue．”可知，将导致疲劳的其他疾病排除在外很重要。据此判断，答案 是D。