单选题   When fisheries have sunk or collapsed, one approach to fix the situation is to set up a marine reserve where fishing is banned. The idea is to provide relief to stressed fish stocks by providing safe living environment where fish can reproduce, and then spread out.
    Jennifer Caselle, a biologist from University of California, provided a local example of success. In 2003, the state of California set up a network of 12 marine reserves near Los Angeles and banned fishing in more than 488 square kilometers. By monitoring the area before and after, Caselle and her colleagues found that over 5 years there were 50% more blue rockfish and other species targeted by fishing inside reserves than outside. There was no change in species that people don't eat, suggesting that fishing restrictions were responsible for the recovery.
    Another success story comes from Australia, which created the first large marine reserve in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in 1975. After a major die-off of coral (珊瑚), the government decided in 2003 to rezone the park and increased the proportion of no-take areas from less than 5% to 32%. Many fish species quickly doubled in sire and numbers. The new reserves also seemed to improve ecosystem health in general, as outbreaks of coral-eating starfish were nearly 4 times more frequent on the reefs where fishing was still permitted.
    What makes a marine reserve successful? Taking a broad look at 56 marine reserves around the world, Joshua Cinner of James Cook University examined the social and economic factors. The number of people living near the reserves played a big role in some cases. In the Caribbean, reserves near large populations tended to have less fish relative to unprotected areas than did reserves that were more remote. But the opposite was true In the Western Indian Ocean. It's not clear why, but one reason could be that people tend to move to places with healthy marine reserves so that they can fish nearby.
    Another factor related to successful marine reserves was, as expected, compliance (遵从) with fishing restrictions. And that tended to be associated not just with enforcement, but more complicated social dynamics such as how well people work together and participate In research and management. 'In areas where people work together to invest in their resources, we saw less people illegally catching fish inside marine reserves,' Cinner said in a statement. 'To get high levels of compliance with reserve rules, managers need to foster the conditions that enable participation in reserve activities, rather than just focusing on patrols.'
单选题     Fisheries sink or collapse when ______.
 
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】第1段。 第1段第1句提到应对渔业衰微或崩溃的方法是建立海洋保护区,第2句提到建立海洋保护区就可以缓解鱼类储存量不足的问题,由此可见,渔业衰微或崩溃是因为鱼类储存量不足,因此本题应选D。 其他三个选项都是应对渔业衰徽或崩溃的方法,而不是引起渔业衰徽的原因。 [参考译文] 渔业衰微或者崩溃时,一个解决这种情况的方法是建立一个海洋保护区,禁止捕鱼。通过为鱼群提供可以繁衍和发展的安全生活环境,从而缓解鱼类储量不足的压力。 加利福尼亚大学的生物学家詹妮弗·卡塞莱,提供了本地的一个成功案例。在2003年,加利福尼亚州在洛杉矶附近设立了12个海洋保护区网,规定在488多平方公里的海域内禁止捕鱼。通过监测这片海域前后的变化,卡塞莱和她的同事发现,5年来,保护区内的蓝岩鱼和其他人们经常捕捞的鱼类比保护区外多了50%。而其他人们不吃的鱼类在数量上则没什么变化,这说明限制捕捞有助于鱼类储量恢复。 另一个成功的例子来自澳大利亚。澳大利亚于1975年在大堡礁海洋公园建立了第一个大型海洋保护区。在珊瑚大量死亡后,政府在2003年决定对公园进行重新分区,将禁捕区比例从以前的不足5%增加到32%。许多鱼类在规模和数量上迅速增加了一倍。新的自然保护区似乎也改善了该地区的生态系统健康,因为在仍然允许捕鱼的礁石区,吃珊瑚的海星几乎有着4倍的繁殖率。 海洋保护区成功的要素是什么?在广泛观察全世界56个海洋保护区后,詹姆斯库克大学的乔舒亚·辛那研究了其社会因素和经济因素。在有些情况下,保护区附近的居民数量起关键作用。在加勒比地区,相对于未受保护的区域,附近地区人多的保护区里的鱼要少于更偏远地区的保护区。但在西印度洋情况则恰恰相反。目前还不清楚原因,但有个原因可能是人们往往喜欢迁移到生态健康的海洋保护区附近,这样他们便能够就近捕鱼。 有关海洋保护区成功的另一个因素,如我们所料,是对捕鱼限制的遵从情况。而这往往并不只是与法令的执行有关,而是关乎更为复杂的社会动态,如人们如何一起工作、参与研究和管理。“在人们共同对资源进行投资的地方,保护区内非法捕鱼的人要少一些。”辛那在一个声明中说:“为了让人们更好地遵从保护区法规,管理人员需要创造条件让人们参与到保护活动中来,而不仅仅是依靠巡逻。”
单选题     What is Jennifer Caselle most likely to agree with? ______
 
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】第2段最后一句。 原文该句中的species that people don't eat也可理斛为“非经济鱼类”(non-commercial fishes),由此可见B是对该句的近义改写,故为本题答案。 原文没有提及经济鱼类灭绝这一现象,无论在保护区内还是在保护区外,故A不对;C中的almost disappear缺乏原文依据;虽然Jennifer Caselle研究的案例表明设立海洋保护区能成功保护鱼类繁殖,但原文并没有提到Jennifer Caselle因此建议设立更广泛的海洋保护区,因此D纯属臆测。
单选题     What the Australian government decided to do in 2003 was ultimately aimed at ______.
 
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】第3段第2句。 原文该句开头After引出的时间状语也表示了澳大利亚政府2003年决定扩大保护区范围的原因,由此可见,当年的决定主要是为了保护珊瑚,因此本题应选C。 A是在扩大了深护区范围后产生的结果,并非驱使澳大利亚政府决定扩大保护区范围的原因;B无原文依据;关于D中的marine park,早在1975年在大堡礁就已经建立起了海洋公园,可见,D根本不会是澳大利亚政府决定扩大保护区范围的目的。
单选题     By saying  'the opposite was true in the Western Indian Ocean', Cinner means that reserves that were more remote tended to ______.
 
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】第4段第4、5句。 该段第5句的the opposite was true是针对第4句的对比关系来说的,表明在西印度洋,附近地区人多的保护区和更偏远地区的保护区的比较关系与加勒比地区相反。第4句提到在加勒比地区,附近人多的保护区里的鱼较少,因此相反来说,在两印度洋,偏远地区的保护区有较少的鱼,由此可见,本题应选C。 第4段第4句的对比关系因为多了中间的relative to unprotected areas变得复杂了许多,原文的该句应理解为:将附近地区人多的保护区和位置偏远的保护区都与未受保护的地区相比,首先,这两种地区都比未受保护的地区有更多的渔获(虽然这一点在本段没有说明,但结合上三段的内容是可以推断的),在此基础上再对比两种保护区,结果就是文中直接提到的“附近地区人多的保护区里的鱼要少于更偏远地区的保护区”。由此可见,第5句的对比关系与unprotected areas完全无关,这样就可以将A和B都排除了。
单选题     Cinner would like to emphasize that people are more ready to comply with fishing restrictions ______.
 
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】最后一段。 最后一段多句都提到work together、participation等词,表明“合作”和“遵从法规”两者存在着某种关系,而最后一句的内容表明“合作”能“让人们更好地遵从法规”,可见如果使人们更具有“合作性”,他们对法规的遵从性就更高,因此本题应选B。 最后一段第2句和最后一句提到了人们对法规的遵从与法令的执行力度和监管的力度有关,但这些都不是Cinner研究的重点,因此,与此内容相关的A和D都不够恰当;C试图通过resources一词与原文产生联系,但事实上原文没有提到关于rich resources的内容。