单选题
Ideas about 'spoiling' children have always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling; they have always included 27 of a child's nature, the ideal child and the ideal adult. The many mothers of 1820 who belonged to the early 'maternal (母亲的) associations' struggled to 28 the ideas about child raising that had been 29 in the 18th century. They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life (when exposed to all the 30 of the world) and, more importantly, stood in danger of 31 ruin. The approach these mothers knew was to 'break the will' of the child. This approach, coming 32 from the theology (神学) of Calvin, the French protestant reformer, was 33 from the stern outlook of the Puritans. As one mother wrote, 'No child has even been known, since the earliest period of the world, destitute (缺乏的) of an evil disposition however sweet it appears. 'Infant depravity (堕落), by which meant the child's 34 , could be curbed only by breaking the will so that the child 35 implicitly to parental guidance. By freeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness, and society. These moral 36 , fixed in the child's character, were to govern it throughout life, in a society where free enterprise, individual effort, and competition were believed to be the ruling forces. A. spiritual B. impulses C. eventually D. principles E. denounce F. prevalent G. temptations H. initially I. concepts J. segregated K. uphold L. authentic M. submitted N. descriptions O. inherited
问答题
【正确答案】D
【答案解析】分析句子主干可知，该空前是主语they(代指ideas about spoiling children)，谓语是included，因此这里缺少一个宾语，介词短语of a child's nature，the ideal child and the ideal adult修饰宾语。备选的名词有impulses、principles、temptations、concepts和descriptions五项。impulses意为“冲动；脉冲”，principles意为“原则”，temptations意为“诱惑”，concepts意为“观念，概念”，descriptions意为“描述”。结合语境，此处是指“关于……的观念”，只有concepts(观念)符合这里的表达，故选I。 [参考译文] 有关“溺爱”孩子的问题总会涉及究竟什么样的孩子是被宠坏了的孩子，溺爱是如何产生的，以及溺爱的后果是什么的思考；这其中总包含关于孩子的天性、理想的孩子和理想的成人的观念。 1820年的许多母亲都是早期“母亲协会”的成员，她们努力维护18世纪所盛行的有关抚养孩子的观点。总是有人告诉她们娇生惯养的孩子有可能在以后的生活中(当他们面对世界上的各种诱惑时)会遭遇麻烦，并且，更重要的是，他们会面临精神沦丧的危险。 这些母亲所知的方法就是不遂孩子的意愿。这种方法最初来自法国新教改革家加尔文的神论，继承的是清教徒严厉的观念。正如一位母亲所写的：“自从世界最早的时期开始，我们从不知道有哪个孩子是没有邪恶的天性的，不管这种天性表面看起来多么甜美。”婴儿期的堕落，指的是孩子的冲动只有通过打破他们的意愿才能被约束。这样，孩子就会默默服从父母的指导。 家长认为通过把孩子从其邪恶的天性解脱出来，他们就可以引导孩子养成正确的性格特质，比如诚实、勤奋及合群。在一个自由进取、个人努力及竞争被认为是主导力量的社会中，根植于孩子性格中的这些道德准则将终生支配他们。
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，该空所在句子是一个由by which引导的非限制性定语从句，该从句的主语就是前面的先行词depravity，谓语是meant，空格前the child's是定语，因此可以断定这里缺少一个名词。剩下的名词有impulses、principles和descriptions三项。根据此处语境depravity(堕落)和curbed only by breaking the will(通过打破他们的意愿才能被约束)可知，只有impulses(冲动)是正确答案。
问答题
【正确答案】M
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，本句所在的部分是一个由so that引导的结果状语从句，该从句的主语是the child，宾语是parental guidance，结合上文时态，可判断此处应填入一个过去时态的谓语动词，该动词与后面的介词to构成搭配。符合上述语法条件的选项中，只有submitted(被迫顺从)符合句意，submit to sb./sth. 为常用搭配(顺从某人/事)，此处是指“服从父母的指导”，故选M。