In a recent study, David Cressy examines two central questions concerning English immigration to New England in the 1630s: what kinds of people immigrated and why? Using contemporary literary evidence, shipping lists, and customs records, Cressy finds that most adult immigrants were skilled in farming or crafts, were literate, and were organized in families. Each of these characteristics sharply distinguishes the 21,000 people who left for New England in the 1630s from most of the approximately 377,000 English people who had immigrated to America by 1700. With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Cressy does not deny the frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect. When he moves beyond the principal actors, he finds that religious explanations were less frequently offered, and he concludes that most people immigrated because they were recruited by promises of material improvement.
For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.
The passage indicates that Cressy would agree with which of the following statements about the organizers among the English immigrants to New England in the 1630s? ______
[考点] 细节的定位和理解 1．做题分析： ①In a recent study, David Cressy examines two central questions concerning English immigration to New England in the 1630s: what kinds of people immigrated and why? ② Using contemporary literary evidence, shipping lists, and customs records, Cressy finds that most adult immigrants were skilled in farming or crafts, were literate, and were organized in families. ③ Each of these characteristics sharply distinguishes the 21,000 people who left for New England in the 1630s from most of the approximately 377,000 English people who had immigrated to America by 1700. ④With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Cressy does not deny the frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect. ⑤When he moves beyond the principal actors, he finds that religious explanations were less frequently offered, and he concludes that most people immigrated because they were recruited by promises of material improvement. 2．文章结构 文章的结构清晰，是典型的以问题为主题句的类型：开篇提问，余下的篇幅作答。主题句的问题严格来说是两个，第一段回答第一个问题，第二段回答第二个问题。 主题：17世纪30年代移民到新英格兰的英国人都是什么样的人?他们为什么要移民?(David Cressy examines two central questions...immigrated and why?) 细节1(第一个问题的答案)：移民到新英格兰的英国人的特点(most adult immigrants were skilled in farming or crafts, were literate, and were organized in families.) 细节2(第二个问题的答案)：英国人移民到新英格兰的原因(most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, promises of material improvement)注：New England其实就是同义替换原文里的America，而且New England的英文释义为：a region of northeastern United States comprising Maine and New Hampshire and Vermont and Massachusetts and Rhode Island and Connecticut.其背景是：The region was named by Capt. John Smith, who explored its shores in 1614 for some London merchants. New England was soon settled by English Puritans whose aversion to idleness and luxury served admirably the need of fledgling communities where the work to be done was so prodigious and the hands so few. During the 17th century the population's high esteem for an educated clergy and enlightened leadership encouraged the development of public schools as well as such institutions of higher learning as Harvard (1636) and Yale (1701). (from 3w.britannica.yinfucom/place/New-England) 3．文章精析 ①问句作为主题句。以问句为主题句关注问题本身即可：English immigration to New England in the 1630s: what kinds of people immigrated and why?即17世纪30年代移民到新英格兰的英国人都是什么样的人?他们移民的原因是什么? ②没有取反词，细节，是对主题句的回答。这里回答的是第一个问题，即17世纪30年代移民到新英格兰的英国人都是什么样的人。我们只需要关注与“what kinds”相关的信息即可，类似用了什么研究手段就属于多余信息(contemporary literary evidence, shipping lists, and customs records)，第一遍阅读时略读，细节题考到再看，不考就不看。所以我们可以得到，17世纪30年代移民到新英格兰的英国人具有善于农场活计(were skilled in farming or crafts)，有文化(were literate)，家庭有组织(were organized in families)的特点。 ③没有取反词，这句话是细节，是对答案的补充，也就是细节的细节。第一遍阅读时可以不看。这句话虽然很长，但是很好提取信息，句子里有一个短语distinguishes...from，所以整个句子是“A与B不同”的意思，我们分别找出A和B即可：A指的是17世纪30年代去新英格兰的英国人，B指的是18世纪去美国的英国人，句子中left for和immigrated to是同义替换。 ④这句话是第二个问题的回答，即英国人移民到新英格兰的原因。With respect to是“关于”的意思，does not deny是双重否定，这句话具有一定让步的情感色彩，是作者退一步承认的观点。这里的organizers and clergy是什么职位不知道也没关系，根据religious就可以简单地把理由理解为“宗教原因”。这部分观点在最后用but否定掉了，因为这个观点只适用于过去(assumed primacy only in retrospect). ⑤没有取反词，这句话是细节，因为有上一句的铺垫，这里应该是Cressy真正同意的原因。第一遍阅读时我们只需要关注到最后的promises of material improvement，就知道真正的理由是“为了物质方面的提高”。其他的都是多余信息，阅读时简单略过即可。 题型：不定项选择题 题目问的是作者认为哪个是17世纪30年代移民新英格兰英国人的特点。不定项选择题先看选项：A选项定位到some of the immigrants of the 1630s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure，所以是正确的；B选项，关于提出移民理由时间的问题文章中并没有信息，错误；C选项，根据第二段，motivated by material considerations是未来移民的特征，而且比较关系文章里也没有信息，错误。答案是A。
In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with ______
[考点] 主题的理解 题型：主旨题 文章的主题是两个问题，所以最直接的答案一定是“回答问题”，但是选项里没有符合的，接下来我们关注作者如何回答这个问题，即用了Cressy的研究，根据他的发现来回答问题，所以A正确。B选项，论证方法不是文章的关注重点，错误；C选项，文章不是判断一个观点，而是回答问题，错误；D选项，文章没有提到过假设，错误；E选项，分类也不是文章在做的事，错误。答案是A。