单选题 Paul Johnson"s A History Of The American People is what we have come to expect from this productive writer—clear, colorful narrative, vivid character sketches, marvelous research, sweeping, confident statements, and an insistent conservative viewpoint which tempts him into serious omissions. He will not conceal his opinions, he tells us. Good. Then we can judge his history free of pretences to objectivity—his or ours.
Almost at start, we notice something interesting: Johnson passes quickly over a defining moment in American history—the Columbus story—important because it is the first lesson every American schoolchild learns. How you treat that story—what you choose to tell of it—signals your view of the longer American experience, reaching to our time.
In school textbooks, Columbus has always been presented as a hero. Only recently has a new set of facts—always available but ignored—begun to get into public attention: that Columbus, on landing, and desperate for gold, encountered native Americans who were peaceful and generous (by his own admission) and tortured them, kidnapped them, enslaved them, murdered them. Johnson, who goes into much detail about other matters (like Ronald Reagan"s jokes) is silent on this. Among his numerous references there is none to Bartolome de las Casas, an eyewitness, who described in detail the horrifying evils committed by Columbus and his fellowmen against the Indians, which resulted in the native population of Hispaniola being wiped out— genocide is an appropriate term—by the year 1550.
I suggest this is not an innocent omission. Johnson wants us to look positively on the history of the United States. Yes, he says, there were "severe wrongs" committed in "the dispossession of a native people" and in the institution of slavery. But has the US, he asks at the start of his book, "made up for its organic sins"? His whole book suggests that it has, and that in doing so it has become (he says at the end) "a human achievement without parallel.., the first, best hope for the human race".
Since Johnson has decided that the US is "the first, best hope for the human race", he has shaped its history accordingly. If we prefer to see that history as a complex and unfinished struggle of Americans for justice, against militarism, for economic, racial and sexual equality, we are badly served by a flattering admiration of those in power, pretending to be a history of "the people".
单选题 The first paragraph shows that the author"s opinion of the book A History Of The American People is
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 该题为细节题。根据第一段最后一句“Then we can judge his history free of pretences to objectivity—his or ours.”可知,如此,我们便可判断他的抑或是我们的历史描述脱离了伪装,而变得非常客观。由此可以看出《美国人民的历史》一书的作者保罗·约翰逊对待历史的观点是客观的,故选B。
单选题 The way people have been treating Columbus story indicates their view of
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 该题为细节题。根据第二段最后一句“How you treat that story—what you choose to tell of it—signals your view of the longer American experience, reaching to our time.”可知,你会怎样对待那段历史——你选择讲述什么——表明了你对美国迄今为止所经历的漫长历史的观点态度,即人们对待美国历史发展的态度,故选C。
单选题 The book makes no reference to Bartolome de las Casas probably because Paul Johnson
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 该题为细节题。根据第四段第一、二句“I suggest this is not an innocent omission. Johnson wants us to look positively on the history of the United States.”可知,作者认为这并不单纯是一个疏忽,约翰逊想要我们积极地看待这段美国历史。由此可以推断出保罗·约翰逊想维护美国的形象,不想让美国的形象受到玷污,故选D。
单选题 The word "genocide" (Line 8, Paragraph 3) most probably means
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 该题为猜测词义题。根据第三段的最后一句“Among his numerous references there is...which resulted in the native population of Hispaniola being wiped out—genocide is an appropriate term...”可知,当时哥伦布犯下的可怕罪行以及哥伦布的随从针对印第安人从而将伊斯帕尼奥拉岛的土著居民全部消灭,即整个种族的灭绝,故选A。
单选题 The author would agree with the statement that the US
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 该题为推断题。根据第四段最后一句“His whole book suggests that it has, and that in doing so it has become(he says at the end) "a human achievement without parallel...the first, best hope for the human race.”以及最后一段最后一句“If we prefer to see that history...we are badly served by a flattering admiration of those in power, pretending to be a history of "the people"”可知,约翰逊的整本书都在暗示人们,美国已经弥补了那些错误,而且在此过程中它已经成为(他在最后说到)“一个无与伦比的人类成就…第一个人类最美好的希望”。然而本文作者却认为,如果我们更喜欢把历史看做是美国人为了争取正义公平对抗军国主义,争取经济、种族和性别平等而进行的复杂而又未尽的奋斗,那么很不幸,我们被当权者所控制的政府阿谀欺骗着,而它又偏偏假装这是在创造“人民的历史”。由此可推断出作者认为美国还没有弥补他们所犯下的历史错误,故选C。