问答题 Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that"s perpetually half full. But that"s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn"t recommend. "Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality," says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down—say, after giving a bad lecture, he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner, some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn"t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn"t matter.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】大多数人(会/愿意)将乐观定义为永远保持快乐的状态,他们的杯子永远有一半是满的。然而这恰恰是积极心理学家所不建议的虚假快乐。“健康的乐观意味着联系实际。”哈佛大学教授泰·本·沙哈尔说。在他看来,现实的乐观主义者会因势利导,而非认为万事大吉。
本·沙哈尔用了三种乐观的方法。在碰到例如演讲糟糕这种让人沮丧的情况时,他会安慰自己人非圣贤。他提醒自己,不是每一场讲座都能获得诺贝尔奖,总会有一些效果不如他人。第二种方法是“重塑”,他分析自己不满意的演讲,吸取经验教训,以便确定将来的讲座里什么有效什么使得效果不佳。最后一种方法,要有这种观点:我们不得不承认在生命的伟大蓝图中,一场讲座真的无关紧要。 [解析] 该篇短文讲述了快乐的定义以及如何快乐。
第一段第一句:Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that"s perpetually half full. 本句要注意两点,第一是define...as这一固定搭配,翻译成“将……定义为”,第二点是a glass that"s half full,最好翻译成“杯子有一半是满的”,而不是“一半都是空的”。这是个很著名的案例,乐观的人会形容半满的杯子为“满”,而悲观的人则会强调“空”,本文主题是快乐是什么,为了保证上下文语义走向的一致,此处翻译要注意。译文:大多数人(会/愿意)将乐观定义为永远保持快乐的状态,他们的杯子永远有一半是满的。
第一段第二句:But that"s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn"t recommend. 此句带有that引导的定语从句,是翻译的采分点。译文:然而这恰恰是积极心理学家所不建议的虚假快乐。
第一段第三句:"Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality," says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. 此句要注意词组be in touch with,意思是“与……联系”,翻译成“切合,吻合”。译文:“健康的乐观意味着联系实际。”哈佛大学教授泰·本·沙哈尔说。
第一段第四句:According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. 并列结构...those who...,but not those who...,要注意结构的对称;同时定语从句的翻译也是个常规考点。词组make the best of翻译成“充分利用”,happen for the best的意思是“朝最好的方向发展”,翻译成“万事大吉”。译文:在他看来,现实的乐观主义者会因势利导,而非认为万事大吉。
第二段第一句:Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. 此句为简单句。译文:本·沙哈尔用了三种乐观的方法。
第二段第二句:When he feels down—say, after giving a bad lecture, he grants himself permission to be human. 本句带有插入语after giving a bad lecture,翻译成“做了一场糟糕的讲座后”,置于句群之首。down表示“情绪沮丧”。grant sb. permission to翻译成“允许自己,安慰自己”。这几个都是比较重要的采分点。译文:在碰到例如演讲糟糕这种让人沮丧的情况时,他会安慰自己人非圣贤。
第二段第三句:He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner, some will be less effective than others. 要注意比较级的中文翻译,此句中的比较级less effective翻译成“不太,不如”。译文:他提醒自己,不是每一场讲座都能获得诺贝尔奖,总会有一些效果不如他人。
第二段第四句:Next is reconstruction. 这是个简单句,考核点在reconstruction,该词的本意是“重构”,即表示将原景再现,加以分析后,进行重新加工组合。译文:第二种方法是“重塑”。
第二段第五句:He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn"t. 此句中的weak要注意,不能翻译成“微弱,瘦弱”,此处要顺承上文,表示“令人不满意”的意思。what works and what doesn"t是个名词性从句,作about的宾语,翻译成“……的”,work是个动词,翻译成“起作用,有效果”。译文:他分析自己不满意的演讲,吸取经验教训,以便确定将来的讲座里什么有效什么使得效果不佳。
第二段第六句:Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn"t matter. 非限定性定语从句的翻译法,一般要重复先行词,另起一句翻译。which引导的定语从句中又有宾语从句that in the grand...,因此要分析好句子结构。译文:最后一种方法,要有这种观点:我们不得不承认在生命的伟大蓝图中,一场讲座真的无关紧要。