阅读理解
What you can remember from age 3 may help improve aspects of your life far into adulthood. Children who have the ability to recall and make sense of memories from daily life—the first day of preschool, the time the cat died—can use them to better develop a sense of identity, form relationships and make sound choices in adolescence and adulthood, new research shows.
While the lives of many youngsters today are heavily documented in photos and video on social media and stored in families' digital archives, studies suggest photos and videos have little impact. Parents play a bigger role in helping determine not just how many early memories children can recall, but how children interpret and learn from the events of their earliest experiences.
"Our personal memories define who we are. They bond us together," says Robyn Fivush, a psychology professor at Emory University in Atlanta and an author of dozens of studies on the topic. Children whose parents encourage recalling and storytelling about daily events show better coping and problem-solving skills by their preteens, and fewer symptoms of depression, research shows.
Some memories help build a sense of self-continuity, or personal identity, says a 2011 study. People recall these memories when they "want to feel that I am the same person that I was before" , or "when I want to understand how I have changed from who I was before" . A hurricane survivor, for example, might recall the memory as proof that she can survive tough experiences and grow stronger as a result.
Other memories serve a directive function, and guide behavior. People recall these when making decisions or to avoid repeating past mistakes. A person whose dog was killed by a car is likely to call on that memory when deciding to keep pets on a leash.
A third type, social-bonding memories, involve relationships with others. People recall these when they want to strengthen relationships or form new ties, the study says. A college student who participated in a different study cited bedtime-reading sessions with his father, who read him the entire Lord of the Rings trilogy, as a motivator to build and maintain strong family ties in his adult life.
The ability to draw on all three types of memories predicts higher psychological well-being, a greater sense of purpose and more positive relationships, according to a study of 103 college students published last year in the journal Memory.
While the lives of many youngsters today are heavily documented in photos and video on social media and stored in families' digital archives, studies suggest photos and videos have little impact. Parents play a bigger role in helping determine not just how many early memories children can recall, but how children interpret and learn from the events of their earliest experiences.
"Our personal memories define who we are. They bond us together," says Robyn Fivush, a psychology professor at Emory University in Atlanta and an author of dozens of studies on the topic. Children whose parents encourage recalling and storytelling about daily events show better coping and problem-solving skills by their preteens, and fewer symptoms of depression, research shows.
Some memories help build a sense of self-continuity, or personal identity, says a 2011 study. People recall these memories when they "want to feel that I am the same person that I was before" , or "when I want to understand how I have changed from who I was before" . A hurricane survivor, for example, might recall the memory as proof that she can survive tough experiences and grow stronger as a result.
Other memories serve a directive function, and guide behavior. People recall these when making decisions or to avoid repeating past mistakes. A person whose dog was killed by a car is likely to call on that memory when deciding to keep pets on a leash.
A third type, social-bonding memories, involve relationships with others. People recall these when they want to strengthen relationships or form new ties, the study says. A college student who participated in a different study cited bedtime-reading sessions with his father, who read him the entire Lord of the Rings trilogy, as a motivator to build and maintain strong family ties in his adult life.
The ability to draw on all three types of memories predicts higher psychological well-being, a greater sense of purpose and more positive relationships, according to a study of 103 college students published last year in the journal Memory.
单选题
1.What can we conclude from Paragraph 1?
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】推断题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段。由文中Children who have the ability to recall…can use them to better develop a sense of identity,form relationships and make sound choices in adolescence and adulthood可知，B项“儿时记忆对成年时期的某些方面具有重要意义”是对这一主题的总结概括，为正确答案。
单选题
2.From Paragraph 2, we get to know that photos and videos____.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段。根据while the lives of many youngsters today are heavily documented in photos and video…studies suggest photos and videos have little impact可知，照片和视频对孩子后天的发展影响很小，故D项“不能起到像儿时记忆一样的作用”为正确答案。
单选题
3.Which of the following examples belongs to self-continuity or personal identity?
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段。由A hurricane survivor,for example，might recall the memory as proof that she can survive tough experiences and grow stronger as a result可知，所举例子应该是关于个人经历磨难后变得更坚强的描述，A项“过去的艰难生活使得人们更坚强”符合题意，为正确答案。
单选题
4.The author's attitude toward functions of early memories is____.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】态度题。文章第一段指出自3岁起的儿时记忆对人后天的发展有着重要作用。接下来分别介绍了三种类型的记忆对孩子的积极影响。最后一段说明如果这三种类型的记忆都能够存留，就可以预测出一个人的心理状况将更健康，目标感更强，人际关系也更融洽。可见，作者对于早期记忆是持肯定态度的，故B项为正确答案。
单选题
5.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】主旨题。纵观全文，文章脉络结构为：第一段交代主题，即儿时记忆对后天发展有着重要作用；第二、三段说明父母在帮助孩子回忆过去以及描述回忆方面起着关键作用，这对孩子有着积极意义。第四、五、六段分别介绍了三种类型的记忆对孩子的积极影响。最后一段说明如果这三种类型的记忆都能够存留，就可以预测出一个人的心理状况将更健康，目标感更强，人际关系也更积极。可见，文章主要谈论的是儿时记忆的积极作用，故C项“儿时记忆的威力”符合题意，为正确答案。