【答案解析】1. The situational and audio-visual language teaching.
2. The audio-lingual method
3. Communicative language teaching
Preference and reasons (possible answer):
The Communicative language teaching is preferable for me, with its advantages over the other two. The communicative language teaching is also called notional or functional language teaching. It views all course components as a systematic whole, and classroom activities should be learner-based. The corresponding syllabus is intended to help the learner acquire the knowledge of language structures, and the ability of using them in different situations to express ideas.
The first two language teaching methodologies as mentioned above are mainly structurally oriented; even the situational and audio-visual language teaching is essentially grammatical. As Newmark supposed, such grammar oriented teaching approach may result in students who may be entirely "structurally competent", yet who is unable to perform even the simplest communicative task, namely "communicatively incompetent". Such type of student will know her grammar well, and be able to produce structurally correct sentences without problems. However, she may not know how to ask for information, or to invite others to a party. In contrast, the communicative methodology provides a vehicle for teaching students how to be appropriate, and how to be communicatively competent.
What"s more, compared to the other two methods, the communicative teaching is culture specific, and the learner"s attention is drawn to the special way a native speaker expresses himself. Another advantage is that the learner"s motivation is highly stimulated, because there exists a close link between the learning objective and the learner"s personal needs. The learner is constantly aware of what he is doing and every progress he has achieved leads him a step forward towards his learning objective.