单选题 The history of transportation is very long and full of changes and inventions. It starts 1 walking, which is not any invention; it just takes energy. People used to walk to get to other places. If you wanted to get somewhere quickly, the 2 way to do that was to run. Actually, the first invention for transportation 3 was the shoe. Centuries ago there were no shoes, and people walked barefoot.
Then people invented 4 to transport themselves and materials from one place to another. In some cultures, people invented sledges (雪橇), 5 are a kind of board that you drag along the ground. You can tie things on the sledge to help carry them, but it"s a challenging invention 6 if you hit a rock with the sledge as you pull it, the contents can 7 . In other cultures, people invented the wheel, which they used to make it easier to move things—and people. That was the beginning of many innovations in transportation.
8 people had wheels they could invent other ways to travel. They could put the wheel on a board and make it a wagon, and then they could 9 that wagon to an ox or a horse and ride as well as carry materials. That wheel led to 10 we have today: trucks, automobiles, and even boats and planes. For example, there were steamboats that used giant wheels that turned with blades, pushing the water and pushing the boat forward.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是介词搭配。start with sth.是固定搭配，意为“以…开始”。故选D。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是词义辨析。possible“可能的”；only“唯一的”；one“一个”；just“仅仅”。由于前文提到最早的交通方式是步行，表示没有别的选择，所以这里最适合使用“唯一的”。故选B。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是词义辨析。probably，“很有可能地”；luckily“幸运地”；really“真正地”；formerly“之前”。根据开头actually这个词，表示作者接下来要做出某种猜测。四个词代入原句，probably最适合，故选A。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是词义辨析。method“方法”；channel“渠道”；ways“方式”；measure“措施”。ways of transportation是交通工具，交通方式的意思，属于固定搭配。故选C。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是关系代词。原句是非限定性定语从句，what不引导非限定性定语从句；when指时间；where指地点；which指物。此句中，先行词是sledge，是物，用which最合适。故选D。
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是连词。unless“除非，如果不”；but“但是”；even“甚至”；since“既然，因为”。分别代入原句，只有since符合逻辑，故选D。
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是词组辨析。pull out“拔，撤离”；slip off“滑下来，滑落”；hold down“抑制，压制”；put down“记下”。原句中说拉雪橇过程中，物品可能会发生的情况，那只有滑落的情况。故选B。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是词义辨析。once“一旦”；then“那时”；however“然而”；yet“还没”。前文说到车轮的发明，说明在车轮之后，有更多的发明出现。once最符合题意。故选A。
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是动词词义辨析。stick“粘贴”；make“制作”；fasten“系牢，固定”；change“改变”。把车和牛马放在一起，只能是套上或者系上，只有fasten符合逻辑。故选C。
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查的是宾语从句。lead to后面一般加上名词性成分，表示导致的结果。这里的to是介词，所以后面的关系词不可以用that。which一般指代单数，而后文的例子不止两个。how一般指方式，这里也不合适。综上所述，what最适合。故选A。