单选题
The Pew Foundation discovered in a recent
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that tensions over inequality in wealth now
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tensions over race and immigration. But income inequality isn"t really the problem. A new upper class is the problem. And their wealth isn"t what sets them
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or creates so much
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toward them.
Let"s take a guy—call him Hank—who built a successful auto-repair business and
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it to 30 locations, and now his
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in the business is worth $100 million. He went to a second-tier state university, or maybe he didn"t complete college at all. He grew up in a working-class or middle-class home and married a woman who didn"t complete college, either. He now lives in a neighborhood with other rich people, but they"re mostly other people who got rich the same way he did. He has a lot of money, but he doesn"t have power or influence over national culture, politics or economy,
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does he even have any particular influence over the culture, politics or economy of the city where he lives. He"s just rich.
The new upper class is different. It consists of the people who run the country. By "the people who run the country," I mean a small
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of people—well under 100,000, by a
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definition—who are
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for the films and television shows you watch, the news you see and read, the success (or failure) of the nation"s leading corporations and financial institutions and the jurisprudence, legislation and regulations produced by government.
What makes the new upper class new is that its members not only have power and influence but also increasingly
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a common culture that
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them from the rest of the country. Fifty years ago, the people who rose to the most influential positions overwhelmingly had Hank"s kind of
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, thoroughly
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in the American mainstream. They have
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tastes and preferences and seek out enclaves of others who share them. Their culture
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little with the lifestyle or the popular culture of the rest of the nation; in fact, members of the new upper class increasingly
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that mainstream lifestyle and culture. If this divide continues to widen, it will completely destroy
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has made America"s national civic culture
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: a fluid,
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society where people from different backgrounds live side by side and come together for the common good.
【答案解析】[考点] 动词词义辨析
[解析] 四个选项都是动词,且都含有out-一这个前缀,意思为“超出,超过”。outweigh意思是“在重量、价值或重要性上超过(某事物)”。例如,On balance, his accomplishments outweigh his faults. 权衡起来,他的成就要大于他的过失。A填在横线处,符合句义,意思是“财富分配不均引起的社会矛盾已经超出了种族和移民引起的社会矛盾”。outnumber“在数量上超过”,例如,The demonstrators were outnumbered by the police. 示威者没有警方的人数多。outpace“在速度上超过”,例如,Job openings were outpacing the supply of qualified workers. 新的工作增长的速度超过了合格的员工增长的速度。outgrow表示“年长而不再要(某事物),长大而厌倦(某事物)”,例如,He has outgrown his passion for pop music. 他已长大,不再热衷于流行音乐了。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[考点] 动词和副词的搭配
[解析] set是英语中的基本动词,和它搭配的介词有很多,构成多种多样的词义。set aside意思是“留出(拨出)时间做某事”或“把……放置到一边”。例如,The decision was set aside. 决议被搁置。set apart也有“留出,拨出的意思”,另外set (sb./sth.) apart,意思是“使……与众不同”。例如,Man"s ability to reason sets him apart from other animals. 人的理性是将人类和动物区分开来的属性。横线处应该填这个短语“set apart”,前后几句话的意思是“财富分配不均并不是真正的问题,真正的问题是一群社会中的新贵,将这些人和其他人区分开来的并不仅仅是财富……”。set about意思是“开始,着手做某事”,例如,I suggest to them that they set about work immediately. 我向他们建议他们立刻着手工作。set aboard这个短语不存在。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[考点] 名词词义辨析
[解析] 第一段第一句话提到了美国现在的贫富差距引起的矛盾,而现在上层社会的人“A new upper class”除了有钱之外,还有一些特征,钱并不是使他们与众不同(set them apart)或者是creates so much ______ toward them的主要原因。A.hysteria“歇斯底里”;B.hospitality“热情好客”;C.hostility“敌意”;D.hardship“艰难困苦”。将四个词填到横线处,最符合句义的应该是C.hostility,“钱并不是人们厌恶上层社会的主要原因”。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[考点] 同义词词义辨析
[解析] 四个选项都有“延伸,延展,扩张”之意。横线处的这句话意思是“假设有一个人叫汉克,他成功地经营着自己的汽修生意,并且将生意扩展到了30个店……”。amplify意思是“放大”,例如,amplify the sound/electric current,放大声音、电流。magnify“放大,夸大”和amplify是同义词,例如,magnify the danger/risk,夸大危险、风险。stretch“伸展,拉长,夸张”,例如,He stretched out his arm to take the book. 他伸出手臂去拿书。The road stretched (out) across the desert into the distance. 这条道路穿过沙漠伸向远方。expand“扩大,扩张”,往往指范围、体积的扩大,业务的扩展等,例如,His modest business eventually expanded into a supermarket empire. 他原先不大的生意后来扩展成了超级市场集团企业。因此,本题的正确答案应该是D。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[考点] 名词词义辨析
[解析] 选项中的四个词和金融都有一定的关系。A.interest在金融中指的是“利息”;B.bond意思是“债券”;C.stake有“赌注”的意思,也有“投资,本钱”的意思,例如,She has a stake in the future success of the business. 她在这项生意上投了资以期将来获利。D.bonus意思是“奖金,红利”。横线处填入C最为恰当。意思是“他在生意中的投资超过1亿美元”。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[考点] 语法知识
[解析] 横线处前面一句话是否定式he doesn"t have power or influence over national culture(他对于国家的文化没有任何影响力),横线处的一句话紧接这句话的意思说“他甚至对自己所住的社区的政治、经济、文化状况都没有任何影响力”。neither作为否定副词,表示“两者都不”,可以用在这样的句式中,例如,Tom didn"t believe a word she said, and neither did the police. Tom一点都不相信她所说的话,警察也是一句不信。表示“A不……,B也不……”。nor作为否定副词,表示“也不,也没有”,也可以用在前面一个否定句后面,既可表示“A不……,B也不……”;也可以表示“A既不……,A也不……”。例如,He can"t see, nor could he hear until a month ago. 他现在看不见,一个月之前他还听不见。而either作为否定副词,用在两个否定句后面,例如,I won"t go and Peter won"t go either. 我不去,彼得也不去。而none表示“没有人”,是代名词。因此本题的正确答案应该选B。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[考点] 同义词辨析
[解析] 四个选项都和“部分”有一定的关系。A.set作为名词,可以表示“(物以类聚的)一批人”,例如,a favorite meeting place of the smart set,那些聪明人最喜欢聚会的地方;B.fraction表示“(某物的)小部分,一点儿”,例如,Naturally, only a fraction of our huge investment was ever make public. 自然,我们巨额的投资中只有一小部分是公之于众的。C.part表示“某个机器、区域、时间段或者人身体上的一部分”,例如,Which parts of France have you visited?你去过法国哪些地方?D.portion,也是指“某个事物的一份”,例如,He divided up his property and gave a portion to each of his children. 他把财产分给子女,每人一份。因此,最适合填在横线处的词应该是A.set。
【答案解析】[考点] 词义辨析
[解析] 横线处所在的句子是一个定语从句,对前文的a small set of people进行修饰,“这是一群……的人”,“他们制作电影、电视、新闻,他们决定公司的成败,金融机构和立法机构的运转……”。横线处应该填一个词表示“负责,总管”。charge有“负责,管理”的意思,但是往往用take charge of这个短语。responsible,表示“负责,管理”,形容词,固定搭配是sb. be responsible for sth.。例如,He is responsible for recruiting and training new staff. 他负责招聘、培训新员工。oblige作为动词意思是“强迫、要求某人做某事”或者“某人有义务做某事”,例如,They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their debts. 他们被迫卖房还债。preside意思是“主持,负责”,作为不及物动词,后面加的介词往往是at和over,例如,The present director has presided over a rapid decline in the firm"s profitability. 现任领导对公司利润的急剧下降负有责任。经过辨析,本题正确答案应该为B。
【答案解析】[考点] 名词词义辨析
[解析] Fifty years ago, the people who rose to the most influential positions overwhelmingly had Hank"s kind of ______。50年之前,那些功成名就的人往往都具备和汉克一样的______。汉克就是作者虚拟的一个人物,他出身平凡,后来成为了百万富翁,但是仍然不能称之为社会名流。A.resource表示“资源”,例如,natural resource,自然资源;B.source“来源”,例如,information source,信息来源;C.origin原意表示“起源,来源”,但还有一个意思表示人的“出身,血统”,将它填在横线处最符合句子的意思,因此为正确答案。D.base,表示“基础,根基”,往往表示做某件事情的基础。例如,She used her family"s history as a base for her novel. 她把她一家人的经历作为她小说的蓝本。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[考点] 动词过去分词词义辨析
[解析] 前半句话提到50年前美国地位显赫的人往往都是白手起家的,他们和主流文化之间没有像现在这样明显的鸿沟。根据这层含义,我们对几个动词进行辨析。ground作为动词,有“基于,以……为基础”的意思;immerse“使……沉浸在”,sb. be immersed in sth. 往往表示“某人沉浸于……之中”。submerge“沉没,浸入”,sb. be submerged in sth. 表示“某人被……所掩盖,某人沉浸于……之中”。absorb原义表示“吸收”,sb. be absorbed in sth. 也表示“某人专心致志做某事”。B、C、D三个答案为同义短语,正确答案应该选A。
【答案解析】[考点] 动词词义辨析
[解析] 美国新的上层阶级的生活方式和大众的生活方式相去甚远。interfere表示“干涉,干预”,往往和介词with连用,但是填在横线处与上文意思连接有问题。incorporate意思是“将……纳入其中,将……包含进来”,往往和介词into搭配。填在横线处无论是介词搭配还是语义上都不恰当。interact“互动”,后与with连接,Their culture interacts little with the lifestyle...,“美国上层阶级的文化和普通的大众文化没有什么沟通和互动”,该选项为正确答案。instill表示“灌输”,常用的搭配是instill sth. into sb.,意思是“向某人灌输……”。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[考点] 根据上下文语义辨析短语含义
[解析] 上层阶级的生活与普通大众脱节,members of the new upper class increasingly ______ that, mainstream lifestyle and culture。A.look down upon意思是“看不起,瞧不起”,填在横线处能使句子意思连贯,“很多上层社会的美国人瞧不起普通大众的生活和文化”,A为正确答案。