Inventory is an important part of the cost of doing business in a large company. If a company is assembling cars, they must have a large number of parts in hand so that the assembly line does not stop because one part is missing. If cars are going down the assembly line and one person is supposed to fasten wheels on to the car, the whole line will stop if he runs out of fasteners. This means that several hundred men will be waiting while someone must find fasteners for the wheel. So there must be a sufficient number of parts of all sorts nearby in order to keep the car assembly line running smoothly. A large supply of spare parts is very expensive, so a company will try to keep its inventory as low as it can without finding it necessary to stop production for lack of a part. In a planned company, it was often difficult to secure spare parts and so many companies ordered many extra parts and kept large supplies of parts so that if a mistake was made in planning, they could continue to produce. This was known as just-in-case inventory. As an economy moves from a planned economy to a market economy, the important thing for a business is to make money and not just produce. It's very expensive to keep large suppliers available just in case there is a delay in delivery. So increasingly, companies are moving to another system of inventory of spare parts as low as possible. This way they do not have to pay for parts used in production until just before they are paid for the finished product. This saves them much capital and is a much more efficient method of operating. The problem with this is that if a shipment is delayed or lost for some reason, the whole factory may have to stop because they don't have one little part. This is very expensive. Most modern industries try to keep inventory as low as possible, but when they adopt just-in-time inventory control, they try to keep at least some extra in stock for emergencies.
单选题
Why do companies adopt just-in-time inventory system?
单选题
In a planned company it was often difficult to secure spare parts, ______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[原文信息] In a planned company, it was often difficult to secure spare parts and so many companies ordered many extra parts and kept large supplies of parts．在一个计划缜密的公司，常常很难确保零配件的供应，因此，许多公司订购额外多的部件来保证高库存，以防大宗供应发生。故C是正确答案。
单选题
As an economy moves from a planned economy to a market economy ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[原文信息] As an economy moves from a planned economy to a market economy, the important thing for a business is to make money and not just produce．在从计划经济转换到市场经济时，赚钱，而不是生产，是一个公司的重要事情。也就是说，公司很重视金钱。故A是正确答案。
单选题
Just-in-time inventory control system ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[原文信息] Most modern industries try to keep inventory as low as possible, but when they adopt just-in-time inventory control,...大多数现代企业都采取新的存货管理方式，故A是正确答案。
单选题
Inventory is an important part of the cost of doing business ______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[原文信息] This way they do not have to pay for parts used in production until just before they are paid for the finished product．This saves them much capital．通过这种方法，企业不必购买暂时用不着的部件，这样就节省了许多资金。故B是正确答案。
单选题
A large supply of spare parts is very expensive, so a company ______.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[原文信息] It's very expensive to keep large suppliers available just in case there is a delay in delivery．如果出现交货延误，企业会付出极大代价，因此，他们会尽快交货，故D是正确答案。