【正确答案】正确答案：Linguistics is defined as the scientific study of language. A lot of differences exist between linguistics and language teaching and learning as far as the attitudes towards language, the goals and the methods are concerned.(2 points)To bridge the gap between the theories of linguistics and the practice of language teaching and learning, applied linguistics comes into being and plays an important role of mediator. It helps to interpret the results of linguistic theories and makes them user-friendly. To sum up, applied linguistics extends theoretical linguistics to language teaching and learning, and at the same time defines the nature of language teaching and learning in relation to various linguistic theories.(3 points) The influence of native language on target language in the process of second language acquisition should not be denied, which is usually referred to as language transfer. If the students" knowledge and skills in their native language are not able to be transferred to the second language successfully, a negative transfer happens such as in the case mentioned above. It is known that Chinese and English are different in terms of structures, and in Chinese we do not have plural forms of countable nouns or third person singular forms of verbs. This difference may lead to the difficulty for Chinese English learners.(3 points)Contrastive analysis serves as a way of comparing the forms and meanings between the native language and the target language, so it can be used to predicate the possible difficulty and helps to decide what should be focused on in language teaching and learning.(2 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查语言迁移及对比分析法理论。语言学是对语言的科学研究，在对语言的态度、目标和方法等方面，语言学和语言教学存在着许多不同之处。根据对比语言学家的研究，学习者在学习第二语言时，其母语会对语言学习产生或多或少的影响。产生的正面影响叫做正迁移，反之则称为负迁移，本题中提到的现象即是一种负迁移。为了解决负迁移问题，可使用对比分析法，将母语和目标语在形式和意义上进行对比，找出两种语言的不同之处，预测学习者可能遇到的困难，进而在教学过程中加以关注。