结构推理 Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words). Few words are more commonly used in our modern world than the word "modern" itself. The modernity of manufactured articles, of institution, of attitudes, of works of art is constantly brought to our attention. We ourselves may well be judged by whether we are modern or not. Indeed many people go to considerable lengths to make quite certain that they will be accepted as modern—modern in their dress, their behavior, and their beliefs. And yet, we may ask, must not earlier generation have felt precisely the same? Surely men throughout the history must have recognized themselves as modern. Surely innovators like Julius Caesar, Peter the Great or Olive Cromwell saw themselves as breaking with the past, as establishing a new order. Must they not also have shared our awareness of the significance of what is modern? What is modern is distinct from what belongs to the past and men in earlier times must also have experienced this sense of distinctiveness. Men cannot escape and never have been able to escape, from an awareness of change. But reflection will tell us that our awareness of change, our sense of distinctiveness is very different from that of our distant ancestors. Change for us is more, much more, than the change brought about by the passing of time, by important events or by the actions of outstanding individuals or groups. We make use of change and are ourselves a part of a process of change. Change for us has become modernization and modernization implies both direction and consciousness. What we boast of as modern or up-to-date today, will be old-fashioned or out of date tomorrow. The noisy insistence that something is dernier (最新的) often conceals fear of the knowledge that it will inevitably soon be superseded (代替，取代) again. There is one attitude toward modernization: acceptance or rejection. The desire to change or modify the world we live in implies acceptance, since the world is the world of change. Rejection of modernization may therefore, lead to a sense of the world as unreal and meaningless, and this, in turn, to a breakdown, either individual or social. 1.What is suggested about the word "modern" today? 2.According to the author, by what may men be judged today? 3.What were the feelings of great innovators throughout the history? 4.Why is our awareness of change different from that of our predecessors? 5.Why is acceptance or rejection the only possible attitude towards modernization?