单选题 .  Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche (精神) was superiority. Although     21    he believed that individuals struggled to     22    superiority over others, Adler eventually developed a more     23    definition of the drive for superiority.
    Adler's     24    of striving for superiority does not refer to the everyday meaning of the word superiority. He did not mean that we     25    seek to surpass one another in     26    or position, nor did he mean that we seek to     27    an attitude of exaggerated importance over our     28    Rather, Adler's drive for superiority involves the desire, to be competent and effective, complete and     29    , in whatever one strives to do.
    Striving for superiority occasionally takes the     30    of an exaggerated lust for power. An individual may seek to play god and exercise     31    over objects and people. The goal may introduce a     32    tendency into our lives, in which we play games of "dog eat dog". But such     33    of the desire for superiority do not reflect its more     34    , constructive nature.
    According to Adler, striving for superiority is innate and is part of the struggle for survival that human beings share with other species in the     35    of evolution. From this     36    , life is not     37    by the need to reduce     38    or restore equilibrium, as Sigmund Freud tended to think; instead, life is encouraged by the desire to move from below to above, from minus to plus, from     39    to superior. The particular ways in which individuals undertakes their     40    for superiority are determined by their culture, their unique history, and their style of life.21.