单选题
Male chauvinism--the attitude that women are the
passive and inferior servants of society and of men--sets women apart from the
rest of the working class. Even when they do the same work as men, women are not
considered workers in the same sense, with the need and right to work to provide
for their families or to support themselves independently. They are expected to
accept work at lower wages and without job security. Thus they can be used as a
marginal or reserve labor force when profits depend on extra low costs or when
men are needed for war. Women are not supposed to be
independent, so they are not supposed to have any "right to work". This means,
in effect, that although they do work, they are denied the right to organize and
fight for better wages and conditions. Thus the role of women in the labor force
undermines the struggles of male workers as well. The boss can break a union
drive by threatening to hire lower paid women or blacks. In many cases, where
women are organized, the union contract reinforces their inferior position,
making women the least loyal and militant union members. (Standard Oil workers
in San Francisco recently paid the price of male supremacy. Women at Standard
Oil have the least chance for advancement and decent pay, and the union has done
little to fight this. Not surprisingly, women formed the core of the back to
work move that eventually broke the strike.) In general,
because women are defined as docile, helpless, and inferior, they are forced
into the most demeaning and mind rotting jobs--from scrubbing floors to filing
cards--under the most oppressive conditions where they are treated like children
or slaves. Their very position reinforces the idea, even among the women
themselves, that they are fit for and should be satisfied with this kind of
work. Apart from the direct, material exploitation of women,
male supremacy acts in more subtle ways to undermine class consciousness. The
tendency of male workers to think of themselves primarily as men (i.e.,
powerful) rather than as workers (i. e., members of an oppressed group) promotes
a false sense of privilege and power, and an identification with the world of
men, including the boss. The petty dictatorship which most men exercise over
their wives and families enables them to vent their anger and frustration in a
way which poses no challenge to the system. The role of the man in the family
reinforces aggressive individualism, authoritarianism, and a hierarchical view
of social relations--values which are fundamental to the perpetuation (不朽) of
capitalism. In this system we are taught to relieve our fears and frustrations
by brutalizing those weaker than we are: a man in uniform turns into a pig; the
foreman intimidates the man on the line; the husband beats his wife, child, and
dog.
单选题
Unfair working status of women also produces negative effects on men in
that ______.
A. men face the threat of being replaced by low wage women
B. men have to deal with women's complaints all the time
C. women's low income often irritate their husbands
D. women's inferior working condition worries their husbands
单选题
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.
A. male workers are often treated as men instead of workers in
companies
B. males' anger and frustration are posing serious threat to our present
system
C. it is quite natural for males to beat their wives, children and dogs for
no reason
D. males' dominating role in families eventually helps the stability of
capitalist system
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】这是一道推理题。题干中的信号词为the last paragraph，也就是文章的最后一段。文章最后一段指出：男性在家庭中的角色强化了极端个人主义、独裁主义以及社会关系的等级观念——这些价值观对资本主义的永存是至关重要的。由此可知，D“男性在家庭的主宰地位最终有助于资本主义制度的稳定”与文章的意思符合。A是文中明确指出的，所以不对：B与文章的意思不符合；文中没有提到C。
单选题
The best title for this passage might be ______.