In 1930, when the world was "suffering from a bad attack of economic pessimism" , John May-nard Keynes wrote a broadly optimistic essay, "Economic Possibilities for our Grand-children". It imagined a middle way between revolution and stagnation that would leave the grandchildren a great deal richer than their grandparents. But the path was not without dangers. One of the worries Keynes admitted was a "new disease" : "technological unemployment due to our discovery of means of economising the use of labour outrunning the pace at which we can find new uses for labour. " His readers might not have heard of the problem, he suggested—but they were certain to hear a lot more about it in the years to come. For the most part, they did not. Nowadays, the majority of economists confidently wave such worries away. By raising productivity, they argue, any automation which economises on the use of labour will increase incomes. That will generate demand for new products and services, which will in turn create new jobs for displaced workers. To think otherwise has meant being tarred a Luddite— the name taken by 19th-century textile workers who smashed the machines taking their jobs. For much of the 20th century, those arguing that technology brought ever more jobs and prosperity looked to have the better of the debate. Real incomes in Britain scarcely doubled between the beginning of the common era and 1570. They then tripled from 1570 to 1875. And they more than tripled from 1875 to 1975. Industrialisation did not end up eliminating the need for human workers. On the contrary, it created employment opportunities sufficient to absorb the 20th century"s exploding population. Keynes" vision of everyone in the 2030s being a lot richer is largely achieved. His belief they would work just 15 hours or so a week has not come to pass.
单选题
According to Maynard Keynes, which one of the following is NOT true?
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】解析：根据大写词Maynard Keynes定位到第一段。选项[A]的内容文章并没有提到，属于无中生有。选项[B]则对应第一句：In 1930，when the world was“suffering from a bad attackof economic pessimism”，John Maynard Keynes wrote a broadly optimistic essay…该项的not sopessimistic对应原文中的broadly optimistic，属于正话反说，故选项[B]正确。选项[C]和[D]对应倒数第二句：It imagined a middle way between revolution and stagnation that would leave thegrandchildren a great deal richer than their grandparents．[C]和[D]两项的“bright前景光明”和“affluent富裕的”与其中的“a great deal richer更加富裕”信息相匹配，故这两项表述都正确。综上所述，该题答案为选项[A]。
单选题
The phenomenon of technological unemployment appears because______.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】解析：根据题干中的technological unemployment定位到第二段首句。而due to之后的内容即该题because之后的答案。该句提到：our discovery of means of economising the use of labouroutrunning the pace at which we can find new uses for labour．大意为：我们发现节省劳动力使用的方法比我们找到劳动力新用途的步伐还快。而这个句子相当于选项[D]the pace of makingnew machine is faster than finding new use of labour(发明新机器比起寻找劳动力的新用途速度还快)。故该题答案为选项[D]。
单选题
Most economists argue that automation will increase incomes if______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】解析：根据题干中的most economists定位到第三段第一行:．．．the majority of economists…下文的they argue即等同于题干中的most economists argue，故答案来自这个句子：By raisingproductivity，they argue，any automation which economises on the use of labour will increase in—comes．(他们认为，通过提高生产力，任何节省人力成本的自动化生产都可以增加收益。)可见答案是与“raising productivity提高生产力”相关的内容，所以选项[B]为答案，其中productiveforce对应productivity：boost对应raise。
单选题
We can infer from the last paragraph that______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】解析：选项[A]industrialization will increase the unemployment rate意为：工业化将提高失业率。我们根据industrialization一词定位到最后一段第四行：Industrialisation did not end upeliminating the need for human workers．On the contrary，it created employment opportunities…尤其是“it created employment opportunities它(指代industrialization)创造了就业机会”一句说明选项[A]是错误的。根据选项[B]的technology一词可以定位到最后一段第一句：those arguingthat technology brought ever more iobs and prosperity looked to have the better of the debate．(那些认为科技创造更多就业岗位、使社会更繁荣的人看似在这场争论中占了上风。)该项的technol—ogy will bring less work opportunities明显与作者表述是相反的，故错误。选项[C]对应最后一句：His belief they would work just 15 hours or so a week has not come to pass．其中，come to pass表示“实现”，本句大意为：人们一周只需工作15个小时左右的理想状态还未实现。也就是说，现在人们一周工作时间在15个小时以上，所以该项表述是正确的。选项[D]对应倒数第二句：Keynes’vision of everyone in the 2030s being a lot richer is largely achieved．其中，该项的didn’t come true与原文largely achieved完全相反，故错误。综上所述，答案为选项[C]。