单选题
{{B}}PART ONE{{/B}}
·Look at the statements below and the comments on change management on the opposite page.
·Which section(A，B，C or D)does each statement 1-7 refer to?
·For each statement 1-7，mark one letter(A，B，C or D)．
·You will need to use some of these letters more than once．

A．For over three decades，academics，managers，and consultants，realizing that transforming organizations is difficult，have analyzed the subject．They've sung the praises of leaders who communicate vision and walk the talk in order to make change efforts succeed．They've sanctified the importance of changing organizational culture and employees'attitudes．They've teased out the tensions between top-down transformation efforts and participatory approaches to change．Still，studies show that in most organizations，two out of three transformation initiatives fail．

B．Each manager looks at an initiative from his or her viewpoint and，based on personal experience，focuses on different success factors．The experts，too，offer different perspectives．A recent search for books on ‘change and management’ turned up 6，153 titles，each with a distinct take on the topic. Those ideas have a lot to offer，but take together，they force companies to tackle many priorities simultaneously，which spreads resource sand skills thin.

C．Someofthehardfactorsthataffectatransformationinitiativearethetimenecessarytocompleteit，the number of people required to execute it，and the financial results that intended actions are expected to achieve. The research shows that change projects fail to get off the ground when companies neglect the hard factors. That doesn't mean that executives can ignore the soft elements；that would be a grave mistake. However. If companies don't pay attention to the hard issues first，transformation programs will break down before the soft elements come into play.

D．Companies assume that the longer an initiative carries on. The more likely it is to fail—the early impetus will peter out，windows of opportunity will close，objectives will be forgotten，key supporters will leave or lose their enthusiasm，and problems will accumulate. However，contrary to popular perception, along project that is reviewed frequently is more likely to succeed than a short project that isn't reviewed frequently. Thus，the time between reviews is more critical for success than a project's life span.

单选题 the importance of taking into consideration the economic effects brought by the change

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】从C篇第一句“Some of the hard factors that affect a transformation initiative are the time necessary to complete it, the number of people required to execute it, and the financial results that intended actions are expected to achieve. ”可知影响变革主动性的硬因素包括需要的时间、参加人员的数量以及将要进行的变革所能带来的经济效益。第二句“The research shows that change projects fail to get off the ground when companies neglect the hard factors. ”告诉我们，如果忽略这些因素，变革就很难顺利展开。该句中的短语get off the ground表示“起飞；顺利地起步”。C篇中的最后一句“However, ifcompanies don't pay attention to the hard issues first, transformation programs will break down before the soft elements come into play. ”再次强调首先要关注的是上述那些硬因素。经济效益是硬因素之一，因此，C为正确选项。

单选题 the diversity in observing the initiative of change in companies

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】从B篇第一、第二两句“Each manager looks at an initiative from his or her viewpoint and, based on personal experience, focuses on different success factors. The expeas, too, offer different perspectives. ”可知管理者和专家都对变革的主动性有着千差万别的看法。第三句“A recent search for books on‘change and management’turned up 6，1 53 titles，each with a distinct take on the topic. ”则用数字说明关于“change and management”这一主题的文章有如此之多(6，153)，而每篇观点又不尽相同。此句中的“take”作名词，本意是指电影电视拍摄时的一个个镜头，这里指观点。因此，B为正确选项。

单选题 the belief that good communication between managers and staff will benefit the change

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】从A篇第一、第二句“For over three decades, academics, managers, and consultants, realizing that transforming organizations is difficult, have analyzed the subject. They've sung the praises of leaders who communicate vision and walk the talk in order to make change efforts succeed. ”可知学者、管理者、顾问都对那些能够将自己的变革构想告诉给下属的领导者称赞有加。由此可以断定，管理者与被管理者就即将进行的变革进行沟通是有助于变革成功的。因此，A为正确选项。

单选题 the relationship between the duration of a project and the chances of winning the change

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】从D篇第一句的前半句“Companies assume that the longer an initiative carries on, the more likely it is to fail”可知有些人认为变革持续的时间越长就越可能失败；后半句“the early impetus will peter out, windows of opportunity will close, objectives will be forgotten, key supporterswill leave or lose their enthusiasm, and problems will accumulate. ”则进行了进一步的解释。但在“However”之后，与上所述完全相反的一种观点被提出来，“a long project that is reviewed frequently is more likely to succeed than a short project that isn't reviewed frequently”，意思是，如果能对一个实施时间很长的变革计划在其进行中不断研究改进的话，该变革则更可能成功。可见，作者在D篇中对变革持续时间长短与成功可能性的关系做了介绍，因此，D为正确选项。

单选题 the need to consider all the elements involved in a change

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】从C篇的第一、第二句“Some of the hard factors that affect a transformation initiative are the time necessary to complete it, the number of people required to execute it, and the financial results that intended actions are expected to achieve. The research shows that change projects fail to get off the ground when companies neglect the hard factors. ”及第四句“if companies don't pay attention to the hard issues first, transformation programs will break down before the soft elements come into play. ”可知若要使变革成功，必须而且首先应该考虑到硬因素。当然，只考虑硬因素是不够的，第三句“That doesn't mean that executives can ignore the soft elements; that would be a grave mistake. ”则提到不能忽略软因素，否则，就是犯了严重的错误。综合整篇内容，作者是要表明忽略任何一方面因素都无法使变革成功。因此，C为正确选项。

单选题 the possibility to make a successful change by considering the plan more than once

单选题 the negative view of asking companies to solve many problems at the same time

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】从B篇最后一句中的“Those ideas have a lot to offer, but taken together, they force companies to tackle many priorities simultaneously, ”这些观点的共同点就是迫使公司同时解决诸多所谓应优先解决的问题，“force”一词表明作者对这种观点持否定态度。而且，最后的which一从句“which spreads resources and skills thin. ”表明这样做带来的问题是分散了解决问题所需的物力和人力。这就意味着真正需要优先解决的问题可能被耽误。所以作者对这种观点是不认同的。因此，B为正确选项。