翻译题
Climate science needs more mathematicians and physicists. So say prominent climatologists who are trying to spark enthusiasm for their field in budding researchers who might otherwise choose astrophysics or cosmology. 【F1】Talented physical scientists are needed to help resolve mysteries that are crucial to modelling the climate—and, potentially, saving the planet—the group says, such as the ways in which clouds are formed. There is a misconception that the major challenges in physical climate science are settled. "That's absolutely not true," says Sandrine Bony, a climate researcher at the Laboratory of Dynamic Meteorology in Paris. To attract physics and mathematics students to the speciality, Bony and her collaborators have presented some of the field's grand challenges in magazines. Last week in Nature Geosdence, Bony's team outlined four of the field's deepest questions, including how clouds and climate interact and how the position of tropical rain belts and mid-latitude storm tracks might change in a warming world. The questions are best tackled, says Bony, by creating more realistic climate simulations—an approach that she hopes will appeal to physicists. 【F2】The perception that climate science is "solved" is an unintentional result of pressure on climatologists to convey a simple message to the public—for instance, that all dry regions will get dryer and all wet regions wetter in a warming climate, says Piers Forster, a climate modeller at the University of Leeds, UK. "We too quickly turn to the policy implications of our work and forget the basic science," adds Bjorn Stevens, a co-author of the Nature Geosdence paper. 【F3】Although climate scientists agree on the basics—for example, climate change is primarily the result of human activity—large uncertainties per-. sist in "climate sensitivity", the increase in average global temperature caused by a given rise in the concentration of carbon dioxide. As Bony and co-authors argue, understanding how the warming climate might affect cloud cover, which influences the amount of sunlight reflected back into space and thus Earth's energy cycle, is key to addressing these uncertainties. 【F4】A major weakness of current climate models is their limited ability to simulate the convection by which humid air is lifted into the atmosphere and which drives cloud formation and rainfall. Building better cloud-resolving models requires enormous computer power, as well as people who have a deep understanding of climate physics combined with skills in numerical modelling. But the number of scientists involved in developing computer algorithms for improved climate models is tiny. 【F5】Many physicists applaud Bony's effort to raise interest in climate science, but whether physics students will take notice of her call remains to be seen.
【答案解析】①本句是包含两个定语从句的主从复合句。主句谓语是被动语态的形式，强调是主语Talented physical scientists被需要。help resolve sth．意为“帮助解决某事”。②that引导第一个定语从句，修饰主句中有待解决的对象mysteries；此定语从句的谓语为be crucial to doing sth．结构，意为“对……至关重要”。介词to后面是并列的动词ing形式，其一是modelling the climate，另一个是用破折号引出、起补充说明作用的saving the planet。③the group says在句中可视为插入语，补充说明主句所述内容出自何人之口，根据上文语境，可判断此处的the group指代首段第二句中的prominent climatologists。④句末的such as the ways…是对mysteries的举例说明，该短语中包含in which引导的定语从句，修饰的对象是ways，表示“是……的方式”。
【答案解析】①本句是包含两个同位语从句的复合句，主句主干是The perception is an unintentional result，主句表语后的介宾短语of pressure on climatologists是result的后置定语，说明是气候学家承受压力导致的结果，不定式短语to convey a simple message to the public是pressure的后置定语，说明是要向公众传递简单信息的压力。②同位语的作用是补充说明被修饰词的内容。其中同位语从句1修饰的是主句主语The perception；同位语从句2修饰的是message，其中for instance表明此同位语从句举例说明message。get dryer是一个“get+比较级”的结构，表示“变得更……”，后半句中的wet region wetter为省略形式，其中省略了连接词and前已出现的will get。