解答题 16.[2018年] 设平面区域D由曲线(0≤t≤2π)与x轴围成,计算二重积分
【正确答案】设曲线的参数方程解定函数y=f(x),0≤x≤2π,积分区域D如下图所示,有
(x+2y)dxdy=∫0dx∫0f(x)(x+2y)dy=∫0(xy+y2)∣0f(x)dx
=∫0{xf(x)+f2(x))dx.
由已知x=t—sint,y=1一cost代入上式可得
0{xf(x)+f2(x))dx=∫0{(t一sint)(1一cost)+(1一cost)2}d(t—sint)
=∫0{(t一sint)(1一cost)2+(1一cost)3}dt
=∫0{t(1一cost)2一sint(1一cost)2+(1一cost)3)dt
=∫0t(1一cost)2dt—∫0sint(1一cost)2dt+∫0(1一cost)3dt.
令t=u+π,则上式可化为
π(u+π)(1+cosu)2du+∫πsinu(1+cosu)2du+∫π(1+cosu)3du
=∫π(1+cosu)2du+∫ππ(1+cosu)2du+∫πsinu(1+cosu)2du+∫π(1+cos)3du
=∫π(1+2cosu+cos2u)du+∫π(1+3cosu+3cos2u+3cos3u)du
=∫ππ(1+2cosu+)du+∫π[1+3cosu++cosu(1一sin2u]du
=3π2+5π+∫π(1-sin2u)d(sinu)=3π2+5π,
其中,利用奇偶性可知,
πu(1+cosu)2du=0,∫πsinu(1+cosu)2du=0.
【答案解析】