翻译题
贝多芬与勇气 ——2014年英译汉及详解 Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.【F1】It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself. Beethoven's importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention.【F2】By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works. This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven' s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics.【F3】Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him. Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.【F4】Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression. Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word.【F5】One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering; is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：定语从句和时间状语从句。 该句的主干部分是It is also the reason，why引导一个修饰the reason的定语从句。定语从句的主干是all we can do is…music itself，本句主语中由于含有do，所以省略了不定式符号to。our reactions之后to it为其定语，其中it指代的是music。when引导的一个时间状语从句嵌套在这个定语从句中。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：and连接的并列句和宾语补足语。 本句是一个由and连接的并列句。“he was a freethinking person，and a courageous one”是句子的主干。第二个分句的主干为I find courage an essential quality，其中an essential quality是宾语补足语。“for the understanding of his work”为quality的定语，let alone后面的内容表递进，意为“更不用说…了”。by all accounts为固定搭配，意思是“人人说”、“大家说”。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：介词短语作定语和被动句。 本句的主干为Beethoven’s habit was rarely used by composers before him。从of到passage都是of引导的定语，修饰的是habit，即解释贝多芬的习惯到底是怎样的。在of引导的定语中，increasing和following是并列的，这两个动词引导的内容构成对比。本句其实是一个被动句，by是一个很明显的关键信号。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：倒装句和插入语。 本句是一个完全倒装句，主干部分的顺序其实是His view of freedom was especially significant。which引导的是一个定语从句，修饰的是freedom的具体内容。for him是一个插入语。individual后的冒号引出的是对贝多芬自由思想的补充说明。
【答案解析】本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和固定词组。 本句有两个独立分句，第一个分句的主干是one could interpret much of the work，by saying后面的that引导的是一个宾语从句，引出的就是saying的内容。第二个分句的主干是the courage renders life，其中worth living是life的宾语补足语。render+sb／sth+adj意为“…致使某人／某物…”，这里直译出来就是：这种勇气让我们的生命变得值得“去活”。这个搭配可以背下来，再根据具体情况组织语言。