【答案解析】I, Shu Sheyu, style myself Lao She. I am now 40 years old, having a pale complexion and wearing no beard. I was born in Beiping. At the age of 3, my father died, so I could be said to have no father. When I was 15, the emperor ceased to exist, so I could be said to have no emperor. Without father and emperor, I was especially filial and respectful to my mother. [解析] 汉语的姓、名有约定俗成的译法，姓一般译成surname或family name，名即given或personal name，若是全名则译成name或full name。在翻译古典文史著作和历史题材的文学作品时，常常碰到“字”和“号”的翻译问题。关于“字”，目前有以下几种译法。林语堂把“字仲尼”译成His literary name was Chung-ni。杨宪益夫妇将“字仲尼”译作with the courtesy name Chung-ni。Moss Robert把“名绍，字本初”译作It was Yuan Shao (styled Benchu)。此外，汉语原文末句中的动词(孝、爱)转译为英语的形容词(filial，respectful)。

【答案解析】In my childhood, I read the Book of Songs without a deep understanding of the content. [解析] 汉语中不少数字具有模糊性的特点，“三百篇”现成为《诗经》的代称。《诗经》实有三百零五篇，举整数称三百篇，可见并非整三百，而是为了语言的简练，把有整有零的数字，略去零头，只称整数。为使译文更加清晰，上文“三百篇”直接译成the Book of Songs。

【答案解析】Years later, I attended a normal school, where I prepared myself to be a teacher. [解析] 我国有四类师范学校，即中等师范学校、师范高等专科学院、师范学院和师范大学。中等师范学校起源于法国，为两年制，法国称这类学校为cole normale(师范学校)，美国人把该法文名称译为normal school，该词已收录《韦氏英语词典》。现在normal school一词在美国早已不用，故“中等师范学校”宜译作teachers" training school，1976年美国出版的《韦氏第三版国际新英语词典》里有此名词。英美两国均无师范高等专科学校，法国有师范高等专科学校，称为ecole normal superieare。我国的师范高等专科学校可参照法国的说法，译作supreme normal school或supreme teachers" training school。我国的师范学院为四年制，有资格授予学位，属于college，可译作normal college或teachers" training college(英国说法)；teachers" college(美国说法)。无论在英国或美国均无专门培养教师的师范大学。我国的“师范大学”一般是由原来的师范学校改名而来的。若把“师范大学”译为normal university或teachers" university恐怕不一定被人接受，建议照其原来的名称译作normal college或teachers" college。

【答案解析】In the prime of my life, I went from one place to another, earning a living by teaching. [解析] “四方”是模糊说法，汉语中这类词语有不少，主要用在成语、谚语或俗语中，用词简练、形象鲜明，且易于上口。结合原文的语境、修辞形式和文体风格等语言特点，模糊语义数字的翻译常采用以下三种方法。
1)直译。汉英语中都存在数字的语义模糊现象，在不影响译语读者理解的前提下，英译时可以保留原来的数字直译，如：
一石二鸟kill two birds with one stone 沧海一粟a drop in the ocean
三三两两twos and threes
2)意译。英汉语对数字往往有不同的使用习惯，数字的模糊语义在理解和表达上也有一定差异，同样的数字在源语和译语中表达的意义或不一样或容易引起误解，因此翻译时需作适当改变，“四方”就采取了意译，再如：
百尺竿头，更进一步。Make still further progress. 二百五a stupid person
千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。From hill to hill no bird in flight; from path to path no man in sight.
3)借用同义词语。两种语言在翻译中有些词语无论在内容、表达形式，还是色彩上都有相符合或相似的形象或比喻，这时就可以直接借用。如：
三长两短unexpected misfortune 三令五申repeated injunctions
三下五除二neat and quick 三番五次again and again

【答案解析】That profession offered me little chance of getting rich, so I took to buying lottery tickets. I took pride in winning the smallest prize, resigned to leading a poor and humble life. [解析] “奖券”、“彩票”译作lottery ticket，“中彩”译为win the lottery。

【答案解析】At 27, I made a determined effort to write books. Having achieved no success with sciences and philosophy, I resorted to fiction writing merely to amuse my readers. That made little difference. [解析] “没什么了不得”有几种译法：如That did not amount to/count for much, That mattered little, That made little difference，等。

【答案解析】I got married at the age of 34. Now I have a son and a daughter. They are both mischievous and lovable. [解析] 与原文相比，三个短句均添加了主语，另注意“狡猾”一词如直译为sly或cunning就错了，此外作褒义用，mischievous或naughty均可入选。

【答案解析】I read extensively, but got nothing out of whatever I read, and I am not worried. I teach and do everything else conscientiously and I often come to grief, but I do not regret. [解析] “吃”在汉语中除了基本的“吃食物”的用法外，有许多引申义。比如上句的“吃亏”，该词有以下几种灵活的译法。
有的人吃亏在于不老实。Some people come to grief on account of their dishonesty.
好汉不吃眼前亏。A wise man does not fight when the odds are against him.
机械地照搬外国的东西是要吃大亏的。Mechanical copying of anything foreign would be disastrous.
另外，除了表示“挨，受”意义外，“吃”还有多个引申义：
1)表示耗费，如吃力，吃尽
那是吃力不讨好的事。That"s a thankless task.
你最好不要自讨苦吃。You"d better not ask for trouble.
2)紧要，重要
形势吃紧。The situation was critical.
3)吃不开，行不通，不受欢迎
我可不吃这一套。I won"t take all this lying down.
你这老一套现在可吃不开了。Your old way of doing things won"t work now.
你可以让他帮帮忙。他在那帮人里特别吃得开。You may ask him to help. He has a big drag with those guys.
4)接受
吃回，扣get commission
5)遭到(拒绝)
吃闭门羹be denied entrance at the door; be refused admission as an unweleome guest; be left out in the cold
6)吸收
这种纸不吃墨。This kind of paper does not absorb ink.
茄子很吃油。Eggplant calls for a lot of oil in cooking.
7)消灭(多用于军事或棋戏)
(下棋)吃掉一个子take a piece
吃掉敌人——个团annihilate an enemy regiment
敌军连吃败仗。The enemy troops suffered one de feat after another.
8)承受，禁受
走这么多的路，恐怕你吃不消。It may be too much for you to walk such a long way.
这件事你如果说出去，我叫你吃不了兜着走。If you leak out, I"ll make you sorry for it.

【答案解析】If I can live another 40 years, I may achieve some success.[解析] “有点出息”还可译为：become somebody，get somewhere。