填空题 Translate the following passages into English and write your translation on the answer sheet.(北京外国语大学2010研,考试科目:翻译理论与实践) 18世纪法国思想家卢梭在写《社会契约论》的过程中曾经反复追问,人们怎样才能生活在一个有秩序的群体中,仍然“自由如初”?最终,他对这个问题的回答是“社会契约”。这个契约,说白了其实就是“承诺”,就是人与制度以及人与人之间的信任关系。 中国的儒家文化也强调守信,“信”甚至被作为“五常”中的重要内容确定下来。在我们的传统文化背景中,人与人之间的信任主要是靠血缘、姻缘、地缘、人缘,而不是靠规则、靠契约。近几十年来,雷霆万钧的市场化改革有力地推动了中国的社会转型,动摇了长期以来形成的血缘、地缘与业缘关系,冲击了传统的熟人社会网络关系和熟人信任。市场经济的发展促使陌生人之间的信任逐渐增加,按规则办事成为越来越多的中国人的行为习惯。在经济全球化的背景下,中国人只有遵守规则,才能尽快地融人国际社会。抛弃契约精神耍弄小聪明的人,无视契约精神把小聪明用得极好的民族,最终将丧失获取大智慧的机会。在现代化的洪流中,中国不仅需要更多的资金、技术和科学管理,更需要契约精神。 (417字)《契约精神》汪中求著新世界出版社出版
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【正确答案】 1、正确答案:During the 18th Century, in writing the book The Social Contract, the French thinker Rousseau repeatedly asked: how could one live in an orderly group while still " free as ever" ? In the end, his answer to this question is a "social contract. " This contract, to be put in simple words, is "promise", and is the trust between people and system, as well as between one person and another. China"s Confucian culture emphasizes trust, for "trust" is even listed among the "five Confucian virtues"(benevolence , righteousness, propriety, faithfulness, and wisdom). In our traditional culture, the people mainly rely on trust established by blood, marriage, geographical ties, and popularity, and not by rules or contract. In recent decades, the overwhelming market reform has effectively promoted China"s social transformation, shaking the long-standing social connections mentioned above among acquaintances. The development of market economy has gradually increased trust between strangers, for Chinese people are increasingly accustomed to do things by rules. In the context of economic globalization, China has only to observe the rules, can it quickly integrate into the international community. A person and a nation who are good at playing petty tricks instead of observing the spirit of contract will find themselves eventually lose the opportunity to obtain great wisdom. In its modernization drive, China not only needs more capital, technology and scientific management, but also the spirit of contract.    
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