【正确答案】正确答案：Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive, produce language in order to understand and communicate with others. Language acquisition typically refers to the first language acquisition, which studies infants" acquisition of their native language. The foreign language is the language one tries to master besides his mother tongue.(3 points)What should be noticed is that the native language may influence the effects of foreign language learning in one way or another. When the two languages are similar in structure, the native language facilitates the target language learning, a positive transfer happens; when the two languages are different in structure, the native language may interfere with the target language learning.(3 points) The first language acquisition is different from foreign language learning in the following aspects. Firstly, a person starts the acquisition of his/her first language at a very early age, usually as an infant; however, the learning of a foreign language may occur much later. Secondly, the first language acquisition is a subconscious process while foreign language learning is a conscious effort. Thirdly, the first language acquisition occurs in a natural environment, while foreign language learning is often planned and carried out in classes. Fourthly, the motivation differs in the two processes. The first language acquisition equips children with a communicative tool to understand the outside world, while foreign language learners care more about the practical purposes, such as to pass an examination or immigration.(4 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查一语习得与外语学习的关系。第一语言习得指儿童出生后不久便开始学习并逐渐掌握其母语；外语则指除母语之外，为某种特定目的而学习的语言。在外语学习中要注意克服第一语言对第二语言的干扰。具体而言，母语习得与外语学习的差异在于以下几点：一、学习者的年龄不同。二、语言习得机制不同。三、语言习得的环境不同。四、语言学习的动机和需要不同。