【正确答案】①China has worked to better protect basic human rights, with its primary focus on the rights to subsistence and development. Development is China's top priority in governance and considered to be the key to addressing the country's main problems. China has focused on ensuring and improving people's wellbeing by resolving their most serious and urgent problems. ②In the early days of reform and opening up, providing enough food and clothing for nearly one billion people was the top issue facing China. ③China feeds approximately 20 percent of the world's population using less than 10 percent of the world's arable land, guaranteeing the basic right to subsistence by eradicating hunger and improving nutrition. ④Poverty elimination is the top priority in China's effort to protect human rights. ⑤Reform and opening up has been a great driving force for poverty elimination in China. ⑥Over the past four decades, the Chinese government has made continuous endeavors in poverty reduction, concentrating on development-oriented poverty alleviation in rural areas. The government has carried out large-scale development-oriented poverty-alleviation campaigns across the country in a planned and organized way. ⑦Through decades of efforts, the number of rural poor has markedly dropped and the poverty headcount ratio has seen a continuous decrease. And the working conditions and living standards of the rural poor have notably improved, which created a stronger sense of gain for the people, indicating decisive progress has been made in the fight against poverty. ⑧Poverty reduction is the most telling evidence of China's progress in human rights.

【答案解析】1．①句原文“中国坚持以生存权和发展权作为首要的基本人权”，译文做了阐述性翻译，突出了中国的行动，这里也可以直译为China has always considered the fights to subsistence and development to be the priority of basic human rights。 2．②句“解决温饱问题”译作providing enough food and clothing。②句的重点是“解决近10亿人口温饱问题”，使用状语前置可突出重点，故将“改革开放初期”处理成状语，按原句序译出即可，译为In the early days of reform and opening up, providing enough food and clothing for nearly one billion people was the top issue facing China。 3．③句“从根本上消除了饥饿，持续提升了人民的营养水平”是中国“实现了人民的基本生存权”的证明，故可用by将两句话连接起来，译作guaranteeing the basic right to subsistence by eradicating hunger and improving people's nutrition。 4．⑥句“有组织有计划的大规模开发式扶贫”的定语过长，若全部前置，译文会显得冗长，可以将“有组织有计划的”转换成状语，译成in a planned and organized way。 5．⑦句“贫困发生率持续下降”，直译为the poverty headcount ratio has continuously decreased，也可像译文一样使用动词see，表达更生动。