单选题 How does the top-down approach differ from the bottom-up approach in language processing? (对外经贸2005研)

A、 Bottom-up processing is more effective than top-down processing in speech synthesis.
B、 Bottom-up processing utilizes all information one has in speech perception.
C、 Top-down processing uses one's existing knowledge and the incoming speech signal.
D、 Top-down processing is more efficient than bottom-up processing in speech comprehension.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：在语言处理加工过程中，有两种方法，即从一般到具体的自上而下的方法和从具体到一般的自下而上的方法。其中自下而上的方法会用到言语感知中的所有信息。