单选题 The policy of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) has always been primarily towards self-help and prevention of disease. UNICEF's stand on disablement, therefore, tends to prevention rather than rehabilitation.
Of the more than 80 million children born every year in the developing countries, an estimated 5 million die and at least twice as many are disabled by diseases which have been largely eliminated in developed nations through immunization.
In Sudan, the largest country in Africa, less than 10% of the children are vaccinated against diseases such as measles, polio, whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus and tuberculosis, all of which can kill or disable the unprotected child. They CAN be protected but supplying vaccine is not enough. A successful immunization programmer depends on a crucial factor—the COLD CHAIN. Without a system of storage and distribution which keeps the vaccine below the critical 8C, the vaccine deteriorates and its power is lost. The problem of establishing a cold chain is particularly acute in a hot country like Sudan where the distances the vaccine must travel are so vast.
Just ￡50,000 is needed to enable a medium-sized country to mount a national child immunization campaign against polio, buying 200 refrigerators, 18,000 insulated jugs, 20 deep-freeze units and three refrigerated vans.
One dose of polio vaccine costs just lip and 50p will protect 60 children against TB.