问答题
Second language(L2)learners may correct themselves from time to time during their L2
oral production. Listed below are some instances of self-correction(or self-repair)in L2
speeches. Each instance is followed by the speaker"s own retrospective account of the reason
for the repair. Study these instances and fulfill the following tasks.(16/150)
Task 1)Categorize these self-correction instances into some meaningful types. Name each type,briefly define it, and specify the instances that belong to it. For example, there are some instances(2,6,and 9)that exemplify Error Repairs as a type of self-repairs:
Error Repairs: The L2 speakers correct themselves when they realize that they have made(or are making)language errors.
Instance 2; The speaker corrects a phonological error.
1. Uhm well there"s a big dining table for forty person. And then
we"ve also got er well it"s well the dining table occupies half of the room.
Retrospection: I thought, I did not tell you first how big the room was, so I said that the dining table occupies half of the room,and then I said what I originally wanted to say.
2. We could arrange er more smaller
tabia[teibi[*]]table[teib[*]l]
if you would like that better.
Retrospection; I mispronounced the word" table," and I corrected it.
3. There are very wide choice of er
main courses er er steak
er er several kinds of steak. Retrospection: I wanted to say it more precisely that we do not only have one kind of steak but several kinds of steak.
4.
You have to we have to
make a contract.
Retrospection: I realized that it is stupid to say that you have to make a contract, it"s up to us to do it.
5. In this urn in this part of the town er there are many vegetarians. Er this is because the university is here and vegetarians
like it er like this restaurant
.
Retrospection: I noticed that" it" could also mean the university, so I wanted to make it clear that it is the restaurant that the vegetarians like and not the university.
6. Will er have to pay er
five er sorry er twenty-five
percent. Retrospection; Here I said "five "instead of" twenty-five "accidentally.
7.
It doesn"t it"s
not a problem.
Retrospection: First I wanted to say "it does not matter" but I realized that in a business deal you cannot say" it does not matter. "
8. Thirty-five
per... people
.
Retrospection: First I wanted to say " persons" but I had used " persons " several times before,so I said"people. " 9. I think
it a very nice it"s a very nice
Retrospection: I left out "is, "and I corrected it.
10. Uhm our fish
fish meals er foods
are very good too.
Retrospection: I corrected"fish meals"for"fish food"" because I was not sure you can say "fish meals"and"fish foods"sounded a bit better.
11. We have
some er er v ... maybe you have vegetarians in your group.
Retrospection; Here the idea of vegetarians suddenly popped up, and I abandoned what I was going to say because I would not have been able to list any more types of food anyway.
【正确答案】正确答案：Self-repairs can be divided into three kinds: error repairs, appropriateness repairs and different repairs. Depending on the specific characteristics of errors, the error repairs can be further classified into phonological error repairs, lexical error repairs and syntactic error repairs. As for the appropriateness repairs, this group include two subcategories, the appropriateness replacement repairs and the appropriateness insertion repairs.(2 points)The details are as follows: (1)Instances(2,6,and 9)exemplify error repairs as a type of self-repairs;(2 points) Error Repairs: The L2 speakers correct themselves when they realize that they have made(or are making)language errors. Instance 2: The speaker corrects a phonological error. Instance 6;. The speaker corrects a lexical error. Instance 9: The speaker corrects a syntactic error. (2)Instances(1,4,5,7,8 and 10)exemplify appropriateness repairs as a type of self-repairs:(2 points) Appropriateness Repairs;The L2 speakers correct themselves when they realize that they should further clarify their intentions, so as to make the utterance more appropriate and suitable. Instance 1 ; The speaker corrects his utterance in order to add more detailed information about the dinning table. Instance 4; The speaker corrects his utterance because it is not appropriate to say " You have to make a contract". Instance 5: The speaker corrects his utterance to avoid a possible misunderstanding. Instance 7: The speaker corrects his utterance because it is not appropriate to say " It doesn"t matter" in a business context. Instance 8: The speaker corrects his utterance to avoid repetition. Instance 10; The speaker corrects his utterance because he is not sure about his former expression. (3)Instance(3,11)exemplify different repairs as a type of self-repairs:(2 points) Different Repairs; The L2 speakers correct themselves because they change their minds and decide to say something else in the process of speaking. Instance 3: The speaker corrects his utterance because he decides to focus on steaks rather than main courses. Instance 11; The speaker corrects his utterance because he abandons what he intends to say and turns to another topic.